DISTANCE ADAPTATION DEPENDS UPON PLASTICITY IN THE OCULOMOTOR CONTROL-SYSTEM
DISTANCE ADAPTATION DEPENDS UPON PLASTICITY IN THE OCULOMOTOR CONTROL-SYSTEM
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03204187
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
FISHER, SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
EBENHOLTZ, SM;FISHER, SK
保持双眼固定在一个目标在20厘米，在没有次要线索的距离产生的变化，在表观距离和侧隐斜视。分别使用0、0.5、2.0、3.5和5.0球面屈光度（SD）的正透镜来操纵维持注视期间的强制性会聚水平。发现刺激的调节和诱导的隐斜视的大小之间呈反比关系，隐斜视与视距离的增加呈线性关系。在具有最低净重复刺激的条件下获得的距离后效（即，0 D）等于通常由底部向外棱镜适应产生的，具有对可用距离的完整次要线索。在第二个实验中，受试者（人类）走过光线充足的走廊，同时通过一对5.DELTA.底部向外的棱镜通过增加0、1.5、3.5和5.5 SD的负透镜来增加对调节的刺激，减少了视距离的适应性变化，以及由传统的基底外棱镜适应范例产生的隐斜视的变化。视差聚散度系统的静息张力的变化是这种适应的基础，而不是根据距离重新校准视力线索。短期暴露数据表明，也可能存在矫正系统的张力控制的微小变化。
Maintaining binocular fixation on a target at 20 cm in the absence of secondary cues to distance produced changes in apparent distance and lateral phoria. Positive lenses of 0, 0.5, 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 spherical diopters (SD) were used to manipulate the level of accommodative convergence in force during the period of maintained fixation. An inverse relationship was found between the stimulus to accommodation and the magnitude of the induced esophoria, the phoria being linearly related to an increase in apparent distance. The distance aftereffect obtained in the conditions with the lowest net accommodative stimulus (i.e., 0 D) equaled that typically produced by base-out prism adaptation with full secondary cues to distance available. In a 2nd experiment, subjects (human) walked through a well-lit hallway while viewing through a pair of 5.DELTA. base-out prisms. Increasing the stimulus to accommodation by adding negative lenses of 0, 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 SD reduced the adaptive change in apparent distance, as well as the change in phoria produced by the conventional base-out prism adaptation paradigm. A change in the resting tonus of the disparity vergence system underlies such adaptation, rather than recalibration of the oculomotor cues to distance. Mononuclear exposure data indicated that a small change in the tonus control for the accommodative system may present as well.