SURFACE STRESS EFFECT IN MECHANICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS
SURFACE STRESS EFFECT IN MECHANICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS
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纳米结构材料力学中的表面应力效应
DOI：
10.1016/s0894-9166(11)60009-8
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Wang, Tiejun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Jianxiang;Huang, Zhuping;Wang, Tiejun
这篇综述文章总结了纳米结构元件（包括纳米颗粒、纳米线、纳米梁和纳米薄膜）以及含有纳米级不均匀性的异质材料力学中表面应力效应的研究进展。它从固体表面力学的基本公式开始，包括作为表面过剩量的表面应力的定义、表面本构关系以及表面平衡方程。然后，它描述了一些关于纳米结构元件力学性能的理论和实验研究，以及由吸附影响的表面应力所导致的悬臂梁传感器的静态和动态行为。之后，文章总结了在存在界面应力的基体中嵌入单个以及多个不均匀性的弹性静力学和动力学解析解。阐述了表面弹性对弹性波衍射的影响。由于复杂形状和结构的不均匀性解析解存在困难，针对具有表面应力的异质材料已经开发了有限元方法。表面应力和表面能与裂纹扩展以及裂纹尖端附近的应力场有着内在联系。也包含了考虑表面应力效应的裂纹问题的解。在考虑表面和界面应力的同时预测异质材料的有效弹性和塑性响应受到了广泛关注。不可避免地阐述了这一主题的研究进展。由于其理论和实际意义，粗糙表面力学似乎值得特别关注。回顾了一些最新的研究工作。最后，指出了一些挑战。它们包括真实纳米材料表面和界面的表征、复杂表面力学参数的实验测量和验证，以及物理和化学过程对表面性质的影响等。
This review article summarizes the advances in the surface stress effect in mechanics of nanostructured elements, including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanobeams, and nanofilms, and heterogeneous materials containing nanoscale inhomogeneities. It begins with the fundamental formulations of surface mechanics of solids, including the definition of surface stress as a surface excess quantity, the surface constitutive relations, and the surface equilibrium equations. Then, it depicts some theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanical properties of nanostructured elements, as well as the static and dynamic behaviour of cantilever sensors caused by the surface stress which is influenced by adsorption. Afterwards, the article gives a summary of the analytical elasto-static and dynamic solutions of a single as well as multiple inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix with the interface stress prevailing. The effect of surface elasticity on the diffraction of elastic waves is elucidated. Due to the difficulties in the analytical solution of inhomogeneities of complex shapes and configurations, finite element approaches have been developed for heterogeneous materials with the surface stress. Surface stress and surface energy are inherently related to crack propagation and the stress field in the vicinity of crack tips. The solutions of crack problems taking into account surface stress effects are also included. Predicting the effective elastic and plastic responses of heterogeneous materials while taking into account surface and interface stresses has received much attention. The advances in this topic are inevitably delineated. Mechanics of rough surfaces appear's to deserve special attention due to its theoretical and practical implications. Some most recent work is reviewed. Finally, some challenges are pointed out. They include the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of real nanomaterials, experimental measurements and verification of mechanical parameters of complex surfaces, and the effects of the physical and chemical processes on the surface properties, etc.