Transgenic analysis of the Smad family of TGF-beta signal transducers in Drosophila melanogaster suggests new roles and new interactions between family members.
Transgenic analysis of the Smad family of TGF-beta signal transducers in Drosophila melanogaster suggests new roles and new interactions between family members.
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2001-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
R. M. Marquez;M. Singer;N. Takaesu;W. Waldrip;Y. Kraytsberg;S. Newfeld
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. M. Marquez;M. Singer;N. Takaesu;W. Waldrip;Y. Kraytsberg;S. Newfeld
在包括人类在内的许多生物体中，Smad信号转导子是转化生长因子β介导的发育事件所必需的。然而，单个人类Smad基因（hSmads）在发育中的作用在很大程度上是未知的。我们的假设是，一个hSmad执行类似于最相似的果蝇Smad基因（dSmad）的发育作用。我们使用Gal 4/UAS系统在果蝇中表达了6个hSmad和4个dSmad转基因，并比较了它们的表型。系统发育相关的人类和果蝇Smads诱导相似的表型支持这一假设。相反，两个几乎相同的hSmads产生不同的表型。当在翅盘中表达时，hSmad 2诱导过大的翅，而hSmad 3诱导细胞死亡。这一观察结果表明，一个非常小的数量的氨基酸差异，在同一物种的Smads之间，赋予不同的发展作用。我们的观察结果还表明dSmads，Med和Dad在dActivin信号传导和这些家庭成员之间的潜在相互作用中的新作用。总的来说，这项研究表明，果蝇的转基因方法可以提供关于发育重要的多基因家族的非果蝇成员的新信息。
Smad signal transducers are required for transforming growth factor-beta-mediated developmental events in many organisms including humans. However, the roles of individual human Smad genes (hSmads) in development are largely unknown. Our hypothesis is that an hSmad performs developmental roles analogous to those of the most similar Drosophila Smad gene (dSmad). We expressed six hSmad and four dSmad transgenes in Drosophila melanogaster using the Gal4/UAS system and compared their phenotypes. Phylogenetically related human and Drosophila Smads induced similar phenotypes supporting the hypothesis. In contrast, two nearly identical hSmads generated distinct phenotypes. When expressed in wing imaginal disks, hSmad2 induced oversize wings while hSmad3 induced cell death. This observation suggests that a very small number of amino acid differences, between Smads in the same species, confer distinct developmental roles. Our observations also suggest new roles for the dSmads, Med and Dad, in dActivin signaling and potential interactions between these family members. Overall, the study demonstrates that transgenic methods in Drosophila can provide new information about non-Drosophila members of developmentally important multigene families.