The impact of flood control on the loss of wetlands in Argentina
The impact of flood control on the loss of wetlands in Argentina
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DOI：
10.1002/aqc.2305
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
De Angelo, Carlos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brandolin, Pablo G.;Avalos, Miguel A.;De Angelo, Carlos
湿地是地球上最重要的生态系统之一，但在历史上，它们已被人类退化和破坏。阿根廷中部科尔多瓦省的东南部被数百个湿地覆盖，这些湿地分布在广阔的草原和稀树草原中。在过去的几个世纪里，这一地区大部分已经转变为农业，迫使湿地成为剩余野生动物的最后避难所。自20世纪70年代中期以来，降雨量逐渐增加，湿地面积扩大。为了扭转这一局面，通过建造人工排水渠改变了大片被淹地区，包括保护生物多样性的重要地区。一个非监督分类的卫星图像被用来评估的变化，在东南部科尔多瓦洪水地区之前的主要洪水（1987 - 1988年）和渠道发生后（2007年）。多年来，在累积降雨量相同的情况下，对具有高渠化（科尔多瓦）和非渠化（圣达菲）的地区进行了比较。在这两个地区的雨量记录显示出增加的年降雨量的趋势，这是反映在一个65.9%的增加（64 837公顷）的洪水淹没面积在圣达菲。相反，科尔多瓦的渠化地区损失了12%的池塘，相当于洪水面积减少了14.7%（11655公顷）。一个更大的减少被淹没的面积（42.1%）时，观察到只考虑西部的科尔多瓦网站，其中大部分的渠道发生。这些结果表明，除了减轻洪水，在科尔多瓦的渠道有利于农业扩张，牺牲湿地，从而摧毁这些野生动物的避难所。湿地因其生物多样性、生态系统服务和文化遗产而重要。在阿根廷中部，渠化进程仍在继续，因此支持保护行动以实现该地区的可持续管理和领土规划至关重要。Copyright（c）2012 John Wiley & Sons，Ltd.
Wetlands are among the most important ecosystems on Earth, but historically they have been degraded and destroyed by humans. The south east of Cordoba province in central Argentina was covered by hundreds of wetlands in a vast matrix of grasslands and savannas. In the last few centuries, this area has been mostly transformed into agriculture, forcing wetlands to become the last refuge for remaining wildlife. Since the mid-1970s, a gradual increase in rainfall has enlarged the area occupied by wetlands. To reverse the situation, vast flooded regions were altered by the construction of artificial drainage channels, including important areas for conservation of biodiversity. A non-supervised classification of satellite images was used to assess the changes in flooded areas of south-eastern Cordoba before the main floods (19871988) and after channelizations occurred (2007). Areas with high channelization (Cordoba) and non-channelization (Santa Fe) were compared for years with the same amount of accumulated rainfall. The pluviometric registers in both regions showed a trend of increasing annual rainfall, and this was reflected in a 65.9% increase (64 837 ha) of the flooded area in Santa Fe. Conversely, the channelized area in Cordoba suffered a loss of 12% of its ponds, corresponding to a 14.7% reduction of the flooded area (11 655 ha). A greater reduction in the flooded area (42.1%) was observed when considering only the western portion of the Cordoba site where most of the channelization occurred. These results indicate that besides the mitigation of floods, the channelization in Cordoba favoured agriculture expansion at the expense of wetlands, thereby destroying these wildlife refuges. Wetlands are important for their biodiversity, ecosystem services, and cultural legacy. In central Argentina the channelization process still continues, so it is of the utmost importance to support conservation actions leading to sustainable management and territorial planning of this region.Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.