Social Allocation of the Health Risks in Sanitation
Social Allocation of the Health Risks in Sanitation
复制标题
卫生健康风险的社会分配
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_8
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Harada Hidenori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nyambe Sikopo;Kataoka Yoshimi;Harada Hidenori;Yamauchi Taro;Harada Hidenori
卫生设施可以改变排泄物的命运，控制向生活和周围环境的排放，从而减少粪便接触，减轻粪口传染风险。然而，排泄物的命运及其在卫生方面的相关健康风险可能不仅限于一个人的生活范围内，甚至也不限于一个社区内。本章以越南的例子为基础，展示了卫生健康风险的转移及其在社会中的分配。沿着，粪便污染物及其健康风险从城市上游地区转移到下游农村地区，导致下游生计的改变。以资源为导向的卫生设施是以女性农民处理粪便的健康风险为代价的，这表明了与性别有关的风险分配。本章还讨论了现代下水道的健康风险在冲洗排泄物的人和下水道工作人员之间的分配，以及卫生服务链上沿着现场卫生的健康风险分配。由于环境卫生可能导致健康风险在社会中的转移，因此，健全的社会分配和减少健康风险对于应对环境卫生方面的社会挑战至关重要。
Sanitation can change the fate of excreta and control the emission to the living and ambient environment, leading to the reduction of fecal exposure and the mitigation of fecal–oral infectious risk. The fate of excreta and its associated health risks in sanitation, however, may not be limited within the living boundary of a single person or even within a community. Based on examples in Vietnam, this chapter demonstrates the transfer of health risks in sanitation and its allocation in society. Along a river, fecal pollutants and the associated health risks were transferred from the urban upstream areas to rural downstream areas, resulting in the change of livelihood downstream. Resource-oriented sanitation was enabled at the expense of female farmers’ health risks through their handling of fecal matter, indicating a gender-related risk allocation. This chapter also discusses the health risk allocation of modern sewerages between those who fiush excreta and those who work in the sewerages, and that of on-site sanitation along the sanitation service chain. Since sanitation possibly causes the transfer of health risks in society, sound social allocation and mitigation of health risks are essential to address social challenges in sanitation.