Changing times, spaces, and faces: tests and implications of adaptive morphological plasticity in the fishes of northern postglacial lakes
Changing times, spaces, and faces: tests and implications of adaptive morphological plasticity in the fishes of northern postglacial lakes
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时间、空间和面孔的变化：冰期后湖泊北部鱼类适应性形态可塑性的测试和影响
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
K. Parsons
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作者：
B. Robinson;K. Parsons
冰后期湖泊中淡水鱼种群内和种群之间的表型多样性引起了生物学家的兴趣，原因有两个：(1)它们的高度表型变异和(2)明显最近和迅速的形式分歧。对这些分类群的遗传学和生态学研究正在为物种分化和物种形成的机制提供新的线索。令人惊讶的是，在这个系统中，表型可塑性在表型多样性的起源、维持和产生中的作用很少被直接讨论。我们综合了关于这些鱼的形态可塑性的现有文献，并使用荟萃分析来测试适应性可塑性。我们的结论是：(I)形态可塑性在至少6个科的北方淡水鱼中是普遍存在的；(Ii)与滨海和远洋湖泊环境有关的条件常常能引起可塑性反应；(Iii)可塑性通常代表着对这些生境条件的适应性反应；(Iv)尽管很少被检验，但遗传性鱼类的可塑性通常表现为对这些栖息地条件的适应性反应。
The phenotypic diversity exhibited within and among populations of freshwater fishes in postglacial lakes has intrigued biologists for two reasons: (i) their high phenotypic variation and (ii) the apparently recent and rapid divergence of forms. Genetic and ecological studies of these taxa are shedding new light on mechanisms of divergence and species formation. Surprisingly, the roles of phenotypic plasticity in the origins, maintenance, and generation of phenotypic diversity in this system are rarely directly addressed. We synthesize the available literature on morphological plasticity in these fishes and, using a meta-analysis, test for adaptive plasticity. We conclude that (i) morphological plasticity is common in at least six families of northern freshwater fishes, (ii) plastic responses can often be induced by conditions related to littoral and pelagic lake environments, (iii) plasticity often represents adaptive responses to conditions in these habitats, and (iv) that although rarely tested, herita...