Orientalism and the Study of Lived Religions
Orientalism and the Study of Lived Religions
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东方学与现存宗教研究
DOI：
10.1163/9789004406315_008
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发表时间：
1930
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hans Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krämer;Hans Martin
在本书的引言中，易卜拉欣·亚济伊 (Ibrahīm al-Yāziǧī) 被用来展示那些“仅从书本上学习[阿拉伯]语言”的东方学家与那些认为有必要进行实地考察的东方学家之间的对比。 1 “黎巴嫩语言学家”被事实上与崇高的莱顿东方学家相提并论，而其中一位是批评的目标，这完全是不言而喻的。相反，像亚齐伊这样的人物通常不会在学科历史中占据显着地位，尽管他们确实是东方学历史的一部分。只有少数其他案例得到了显着的待遇，例如著名汉学家理雅各的对话者王涛，或印度梵文研究学者RG Bhandarkar，他是1870年代和1880年代欧洲东方学大会的频繁撰稿人。 2 然而，在讨论本土贡献问题之前，让我们先讨论一下上面引文中提到的两类东方学家——书本学习者和田野工作者——之间的区别。我将在这里论证，宗教在进一步阐明这种区别方面尤其重要。正如苏珊娜·马尔尚 (Suzanne Marchand) 在她 2009 年关于德国东方主义的书中所指出的那样，宗教文本是 19 世纪“东方研究的核心”，这种趋势最终基于东方精神与西方精神的二分概念。
In the introduction to this volume, Ibrāhīm al-Yāziǧī is drawn upon to show the contrast between those Orientalists who “learned the [Arabic] language solely from books” and those who deemed it necessary to do fieldwork. 1 It is everything but self-explanatory that a “Lebanese philologist” is referred to matter-offactly as on par with the lofty Leiden Orientalists, one of whom is the target of criticism. Rather, figures like al-Yāziǧī do not usually figure prominently in disciplinary histories, despite the fact that they were indeed part of the history of Orientalism. Only a few other cases have received prominent treatment such as those of Wang Tao, the interlocutor of the eminent sinologist James Legge, or RG Bhandarkar, the Indian scholar of Sanskrit studies, who was a frequent contributor to Orientalist congresses in Europe in the 1870s and 1880s. 2 Before coming to the issue of the native contribution, however, let us dwell on the distinction between the two types of Orientalists referred to in the citation above, the book-learners and the fieldworkers. Religion, I will argue here, is especially salient in throwing further light on this distinction. As Suzanne Marchand has argued in her 2009 book on German Orientalism, religious texts were “central to the study of the Orient” in the nineteenth century, a tendency ultimately based on the dichotomous notion of an Eastern spiritual vs. a West-