Occupational pesticide exposure and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescent pesticide applicators in Egypt
Occupational pesticide exposure and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescent pesticide applicators in Egypt
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuro.2019.05.002
复制
发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Olson, James R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rohlman, Diane S.;Ismail, Ahmed;Olson, James R.
背景：暴露于环境化学物质，包括有机磷农药，与行为障碍如注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）有关。然而，职业性农药暴露对青少年ADHD发展的影响尚未得到研究。目的：我们研究了毒死蜱暴露与埃及青少年ADHD症状之间的关系。方法：12-21岁的喷洒农药和不喷洒农药的青少年参加了一项为期10个月的纵向研究，研究农药暴露对健康的影响。在10个月内的不同时间点反复收集尿液和血液样本，以评估毒死蜱暴露的生物标志物（尿三氯-2-吡啶醇或TCPy）及其影响（血液乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和丁基胆碱酯酶活性）。来自队列子集的家长（N = 64）完成了康纳斯父母评定量表修订简表。使用泊松回归来检验ADHD症状数量与职业和生物标志物之间的关联。结果：施药组的ADHD症状明显多于非施药组。尿TCPy水平与症状增加相关，显示出剂量-反应效应。与没有多动症的参与者相比，患有多动症的施药者在施药季节施用农药的时间更长，并且累积的TCPy水平更高。四分之一的涂抹者符合ADHD的诊断标准（有6个或更多的报告症状）。结论：尽管样本量有限，但本研究提供了初步证据，证明职业接触毒死蜱与青少年农药施药者ADHD症状之间存在关联。目前迫切需要调查儿童和青少年对农药的易感性，因为发育中的大脑可能对这些物质的神经毒性作用特别敏感。
Background: Exposure to environmental chemicals, including organophosphorus pesticides, is associated with behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the impact of occupational pesticide exposure on ADHD development in adolescents has not been examined. Objective: We examined the association between exposure to chlorpyrifos and ADHD symptoms among adolescents in Egypt.Methods: Adolescent pesticide applicators and non-applicators, 12-21 years old, participated in a 10-month longitudinal study examining health effects from pesticide exposure. Repeated urine and blood samples were collected at various time points during the 10-months to assess biomarkers of chlorpyrifos exposure (urinary trichloro-2-pyridinol or TCPy) and effect (blood acetyl cholinesterase activity and butyryl cholinesterase activity). Parents from a subset of the cohort (N = 64) completed the Short Form of Conners' Parent Rating Scale Revised. Poisson regressions were used to examine the associations between the number of ADHD symptoms and occupation and biomarkers.Results: Pesticide applicators had significantly more symptoms of ADHD than participants in the non-applicator group. Urinary TCPy levels were associated with increased symptoms, demonstrating a dose-response effect. Applicators with ADHD reported applying pesticides for more hours during the application season and had greater cumulative TCPy levels than participants without ADHD. One fourth of all applicators met the criteria for an ADHD diagnosis (having 6 or more reported symptoms).Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence of an association between occupational exposure to chlorpyrifos and ADHD symptoms among adolescent pesticide applicators in spite of its limited small sample size. There is a critical need to investigate the susceptibility of children and adolescents to repeated occupational and environmental exposures to pesticides because the developing brain may be uniquely sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of these agents.