Impending extinction crisis of the world's primates: Why primates matter.
Impending extinction crisis of the world's primates: Why primates matter.
复制标题
世界灵长类动物即将面临的灭绝危机：为什么灵长类动物很重要。
DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1600946
复制
发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Li B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Estrada A;Garber PA;Rylands AB;Roos C;Fernandez-Duque E;Di Fiore A;Nekaris KA;Nijman V;Heymann EW;Lambert JE;Rovero F;Barelli C;Setchell JM;Gillespie TR;Mittermeier RA;Arregoitia LV;de Guinea M;Gouveia S;Dobrovolski R;Shanee S;Shanee N;Boyle SA;Fuentes A;MacKinnon KC;Amato KR;Meyer AL;Wich S;Sussman RW;Pan R;Kone I;Li B
由于人类活动，世界灵长类动物濒临灭绝;需要立即引起全球关注以扭转这一趋势。非人灵长类动物是我们最亲近的生物亲属，在许多社会的生计，文化和宗教中发挥着重要作用，并为人类进化，生物学，行为和新兴疾病的威胁提供了独特的见解。它们是热带生物多样性的重要组成部分，有助于森林再生和生态系统健康。目前的资料显示，在新热带地区，非洲大陆，马达加斯加和亚洲分布的79属504种。令人担忧的是，约60%的灵长类物种现在面临灭绝的威胁，约75%的种群数量正在下降。这种情况是人类对灵长类动物及其栖息地的压力不断升级的结果，主要是全球和当地的市场需求，导致广泛的栖息地丧失，通过工业化农业的扩张，大规模的养牛，伐木，石油和天然气钻探，采矿，水坝建设，以及在灵长类动物分布区建设新的道路网络。其他重要的驱动因素是越来越多的食肉狩猎和非法交易灵长类动物作为宠物和灵长类动物的身体部位，沿着新出现的威胁，如气候变化和人类疾病。通常，这些压力协同作用，加剧了灵长类动物数量的下降。鉴于灵长类动物分布区与大量且迅速增长的人口广泛重叠，其特点是高度贫困，需要立即引起全球关注，以扭转灵长类动物灭绝的迫在眉睫的风险，并以可持续的方式满足当地人类的需求。提高全球科学界和公众对世界灵长类动物的困境以及它们的损失对生态系统健康和人类社会的代价的认识势在必行。
Impending extinction of the world’s primates due to human activities; immediate global attention is needed to reverse the trend. Nonhuman primates, our closest biological relatives, play important roles in the livelihoods, cultures, and religions of many societies and offer unique insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and the threat of emerging diseases. They are an essential component of tropical biodiversity, contributing to forest regeneration and ecosystem health. Current information shows the existence of 504 species in 79 genera distributed in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, and Asia. Alarmingly, ~60% of primate species are now threatened with extinction and ~75% have declining populations. This situation is the result of escalating anthropogenic pressures on primates and their habitats—mainly global and local market demands, leading to extensive habitat loss through the expansion of industrial agriculture, large-scale cattle ranching, logging, oil and gas drilling, mining, dam building, and the construction of new road networks in primate range regions. Other important drivers are increased bushmeat hunting and the illegal trade of primates as pets and primate body parts, along with emerging threats, such as climate change and anthroponotic diseases. Often, these pressures act in synergy, exacerbating primate population declines. Given that primate range regions overlap extensively with a large, and rapidly growing, human population characterized by high levels of poverty, global attention is needed immediately to reverse the looming risk of primate extinctions and to attend to local human needs in sustainable ways. Raising global scientific and public awareness of the plight of the world’s primates and the costs of their loss to ecosystem health and human society is imperative.