On Detecting Errors in Dependency Treebanks
On Detecting Errors in Dependency Treebanks
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DOI：
10.1007/s11168-008-9051-9
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发表时间：
2008-10
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Adriane Boyd;Markus Dickinson;Walt Detmar Meurers
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文献类型：
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作者：
Adriane Boyd;Markus Dickinson;Walt Detmar Meurers
词与词之间的依存关系越来越被认为是语言表征的一个重要层次，它既接近于数据，同时又接近于作为句法分析和处理目标的语义函子-论元结构。相应地，依存结构在句法分析器评估以及基于依存树库的工具的训练和评估中起着重要的作用。已经为一些语言，特别是捷克语，创建了黄金标准依存关系树库，其他语言的注释工作正在进行中。同时，还没有开发出用于检测依赖性注释中的错误的通用技术。我们解决这个差距，探讨如何提出一种技术，用于检测基于成分的句法注释中的错误，可以适应系统地检测依赖注释中的错误。选区和依赖注释之间的关键属性和差异的分析的基础上，我们讨论了瑞典，捷克和德国的依赖树库的结果。除了关注检测依存树库中的错误以改进这些黄金标准资源之外，对不同语言和注释方案的依存错误检测的讨论也提出了依存注释某些方面的标准化问题，特别是关于注释的位置、假设每个依存关系只有一个头，以及协调等现象。
Dependency relations between words are increasingly recognized as an important level of linguistic representation that is close to the data and at the same time to the semantic functor-argument structure as a target of syntactic analysis and processing. Correspondingly, dependency structures play an important role in parser evaluation and for the training and evaluation of tools based on dependency treebanks. Gold standard dependency treebanks have been created for some languages, most notably Czech, and annotation efforts for other languages are under way. At the same time, general techniques for detecting errors in dependency annotation have not yet been developed. We address this gap by exploring how a technique proposed for detecting errors in constituency-based syntactic annotation can be adapted to systematically detect errors in dependency annotation. Building on an analysis of key properties and differences between constituency and dependency annotation, we discuss results for dependency treebanks for Swedish, Czech, and German. Complementing the focus on detecting errors in dependency treebanks to improve these gold standard resources, the discussion of dependency error detection for different languages and annotation schemes also raises questions of standardization for some aspects of dependency annotation, in particular regarding the locality of annotation, the assumption of a single head for each dependency relation, and phenomena such as coordination.