SOCIAL NETWORKS, INFORMATION-SEEKING, AND THE UTILIZATION OF SERVICES
SOCIAL NETWORKS, INFORMATION-SEEKING, AND THE UTILIZATION OF SERVICES
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00894366
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
REPPUCCI, ND
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BIRKEL, RC;REPPUCCI, ND
Richard C. Birkel和N. Dickon Reppucci，弗吉尼亚大学低收入和/或高风险人群自愿参加以预防为导向的人类服务项目的人数很少，辍学率很高。检查社会网络，因为它们与信息寻求和利用行为有关，可以提供一个理解的来源。报告了两项调查。研究1的结果表明，与网络不那么密集的女性相比，网络密集的高风险转诊女性参加父母小组会议的次数更少，而且与亲属接触越多的女性，参加父母小组会议的次数就越少。研究2的结果表明，在参与补充食品计划的低收入妇女样本中，那些网络密度较低、亲属联系较少的妇女比那些网络密度较高、亲属关系较多的妇女更有可能寻求专业的育儿信息和建议。此外，一个人作为父母的能力感和一个人的网络结构之间的显著相互作用被发现决定了信息寻找的总体频率。来自预防医学（伯克利全国会议，1973年）、产前保健（Osofsky & Kendall， 1973年；Chase， 1973年）、幼儿教育（Bronfenbrenner， 1976年）和家长教育(Chilman， 1973年；Gelfand & Hartmann, 1977)建议低收入和高风险人群自愿参与预防——“作者对Jean Goeppinger、Jean Ann Linney和Brian Wilcox表示感谢，感谢他们阅读和评论了本手稿的早期草稿，并感谢夏洛茨维尔和阿尔伯马尔社会服务部门以及托马斯·杰斐逊卫生部门的帮助和合作。”这项研究部分由标题IA拨款78-011-007支持。2所有信件应寄往弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市弗吉尼亚大学吉尔默霍尔心理学系N. Dickon Reppucci，邮编22901。1983年全会出版公司面向人类服务的项目很少，辍学率很高。然而，除了低社会经济地位与较少参与和接触此类计划相关的事实之外，我们对与差异利用相关的因素知之甚少。这种缺乏理解的主要原因是，过去大多数关于服务使用的研究都没有考虑到寻求帮助的社会背景（McKinlay, 1972）。大量的研究表明，这可能是一个严重的缺陷。这些研究指出，我们社会中的大多数人主要、定期地在相对稳定和持久的相关核心家庭网络范围内寻求帮助，这是一种偏好。研究发现，通过提供或不提供竞争和平行服务（Sussman, 1970），通过提供对个人状况的替代解释（Mechanic, 1962），通过建模（Kadushin, 1966），以及通过批准或拒绝批准寻求援助的决定（Zola, 1973），这种网络会影响服务的使用。Liberman（1965）在调查精神科住院过程中发现，在46Wo的研究病例中，非家庭亲属影响了患者进入专业咨询，而在另外457%的病例中，邻居、同事和朋友对患者有影响。布斯和巴布丘克(1972年……
American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1983 Social Networks, Information-Seeking, and the Utilization of Services' Richard C. Birkel and N. Dickon Reppucci University of Virginia Voluntary participation by low-income and/or high-risk populations in prevention-oriented human service programs is minimal and dropout rates are high. Examination of social networks as they relate to information-seeking and utilization behavior may provide a source of understanding. Two investigations are reported. The results of Study 1 indicate that high-risk referred women with denser networks attended fewer parent group sessions than did those whose networks were less dense and that the more contact a woman had with her kin, the fewer parent group sessions she attended. The results of Study 2 indicate that in a sample of low-income women participating in a supplementary food program, those women whose networks were characterized by lower density and less frequent kin contact were more likely to pursue professional child-rearing information and advice than women in denser, more kin-involved networks. In ad-dition, a significant interaction between one's sense of competence as a parent and the structure of one's network was found to determine the overallfrequency of information seeking. Evidence from preventive medicine (Berkeley National Conference, 1973), prenatal health care (Osofsky & Kendall, 1973; Chase, 1973), early childhood education (Bronfenbrenner, 1976), and parent education (Chilman, 1973; Gelfand & Hartmann, 1977) suggests that voluntary participation by both low-income and high-risk populations in prevention-'The authors express their appreciation to Jean Goeppinger, Jean Ann Linney, and Brian Wilcox for reading and commenting on earlier drafts of this manuscript and to the Charlottesville and Albemarle Social Services Departments and the Thomas Jefferson Health Department for their help and cooperation. This research was supported in part by Title IA grant $78-011-007. 2All correspondence should be sent to N. Dickon Reppucci, Department of Psychology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901. 185 0091-0562/82/0400-0185 $03.00/0 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation oriented human service programs is minimal and dropout rates are high. However, aside from the fact that low socioeconomic status is associated with lesser participation and exposure to such programs, we know very little about factors associated with differential utilization. Much of the blame for this lack of understanding can be laid to the fact that most research on service-use in the past has failed to consider the social context in which help-seeking is initiated (McKinlay, 1972). That this may be a critical flaw is suggested by the large body of research pointing to the fact that a majority of people in our society seek help primarily, regularly, and as a matter of preference within the confines of relatively stable and enduring networks of related nuclear families. 3 Such networks have been found to influence the use of services by offering or failing to offer competing and parallel services (Sussman, 1970), by providing alternative interpretations of the individual's condition (Mechanic, 1962), through modeling (Kadushin, 1966), and by sanctioning, or refusing to sanction, the decision to seek aid (Zola, 1973). Investigating the process of psychiatric hospitalization, Liberman (1965) found that in 46Wo of the cases studied, nonhousehold relatives had influenced the patient to enter professional consultation, and in another 45'7 of cases, neighbors, co-workers, and friends were influential. Booth and Babchuk's (1972 …