Racial Sorting and Neighborhood Quality
Racial Sorting and Neighborhood Quality
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种族排序和邻里质量
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Mcmillan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Bayer;R. Mcmillan
在美国各地的城市中，黑人往往比白人居住在更贫穷和更不舒适的社区。一个明显的一阶解释是，个人种族与社会经济地位（SES）密切相关，较贫困的家庭只能负担较低质量的社区。这篇文章提出另一种解释可能同样重要。在大多数美国大都市地区，高社会经济地位的黑人社区供应有限，这意味着社区种族和社区质量被明确捆绑在一起。在存在任何形式的隔离偏好的情况下，这种捆绑提高了黑人相对于白人的邻里便利设施的隐含价格，促使我们推测--鉴于许多城市黑人的数量很少，特别是高社会经济地位的黑人，基于种族的分类大大加剧了邻里便利设施消费的种族差异。为了证明这一猜想，我们估计一个均衡排序模型与详细的限制人口普查微观数据，并使用它来进行信息丰富的反事实模拟。这些结果表明，种族分类解释了白人和黑人之间在广泛的社区设施消费方面的差距的很大一部分-事实上，与种族之间潜在的社会经济差异一样多。我们还表明，黑人种族排序的不利影响是从根本上关系到黑人在美国大都市人口的比例小。这些结果强调了种族分类在教育、收入和财富方面种族差异的代际持续性中的重要作用。
In cities throughout the United States, blacks tend to live in significantly poorer and lower-amenity neighborhoods than whites. An obvious first-order explanation for this is that an individual%u2019%u2019s race is strongly correlated with socioeconomic status (SES), and poorer households can only afford lower quality neighborhoods. This paper conjectures that another explanation may be as important. The limited supply of high-SES black neighborhoods in most U.S. metropolitan areas means that neighborhood race and neighborhood quality are explicitly bundled together. In the presence of any form of segregating preferences, this bundling raises the implicit price of neighborhood amenities for blacks relative to whites, prompting our conjecture -- that racial differences in the consumption of neighborhood amenities are significantly exacerbated by sorting on the basis of race, given the small numbers of blacks and especially high-SES blacks in many cities. To provide evidence on this conjecture, we estimate an equilibrium sorting model with detailed restricted Census microdata and use it to carry out informative counterfactual simulations. Results from these indicate that racial sorting explains a substantial portion of the gap between whites and blacks in the consumption of a wide range of neighborhood amenities -- in fact, as much as underlying socioeconomic differences across race. We also show that the adverse effects of racial sorting for blacks are fundamentally related to the small proportion of blacks in the U.S. metropolitan population. These results emphasize the significant role of racial sorting in the inter-generational persistence of racial differences in education, income, and wealth.