Orthogonal graph drawing with inflexible edges

Orthogonal graph drawing with inflexible edges
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具有不灵活边缘的正交图绘制

DOI:
10.1016/j.comgeo.2016.03.001
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ignaz Rutter
Ignaz Rutter
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Thomas Bläsius;Sebastian Lehmann;Ignaz Rutter

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我们考虑的问题,创建平面正交图纸的4-平面图(平面图的最大程度为4)与约束的弯曲每边的数量。更准确地说,我们有一个灵活性函数,为每条边e分配一个自然数flex(e),即它的灵活性。问题FlexDraw询问是否存在正交绘图,使得每个边e最多具有flex(e)弯曲。众所周知,如果对于每条边e [1],flex(e)= 0,则FlexDraw是NP难的。另一方面,如果flex(e)≥ 1 [2],则FlexDraw可以有效地求解,并且如果对于每条边e,flex(e)≥ 2 [3]则是平凡的。为了缩小flex(e)= 0的NP-困难和flex(e)≥ 1的有效算法之间的差距,我们研究了FlexDraw在只有少数边是不灵活的情况下的计算复杂性(即,具有灵活性0)。我们证明了对于任何ε> 0,FlexDraw对于具有O(n ε)个两两距离为Ω(n 1-ε)的非柔性边的例子是NP-完全的(包括它们诱导匹配的情况),其中n表示图中的顶点数。另一方面,我们给出了一个运行时间为O(2k <$n <$T flow(n))的FPT算法,其中T flow(n)是计算多源多汇平面流网络中最大流所需的时间,k是至少有一个端点为4度的非柔性边的个数.
We consider the problem of creating plane orthogonal drawings of 4-planar graphs (planar graphs with maximum degree 4) with constraints on the number of bends per edge. More precisely, we have a flexibility function assigning to each edge e a natural number flex (e), its flexibility. The problem FlexDraw asks whether there exists an orthogonal drawing such that each edge e has at most flex (e) bends. It is known that FlexDraw is NP-hard if flex (e)= 0 for every edge e [1]. On the other hand, FlexDraw can be solved efficiently if flex (e)≥ 1 [2] and is trivial if flex (e)≥ 2 [3] for every edge e. To close the gap between the NP-hardness for flex (e)= 0 and the efficient algorithm for flex (e)≥ 1, we investigate the computational complexity of FlexDraw in case only few edges are inflexible (ie, have flexibility 0). We show that for any ε> 0 FlexDraw is NP-complete for instances with O (n ε) inflexible edges with pairwise distance Ω (n 1− ε)(including the case where they induce a matching), where n denotes the number of vertices in the graph. On the other hand, we give an FPT-algorithm with running time O (2 k⋅ n⋅ T flow (n)), where T flow (n) is the time necessary to compute a maximum flow in a planar flow network with multiple sources and sinks, and k is the number of inflexible edges having at least one endpoint of degree 4.
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