Bacillus anthracis diversity in Kruger National Park
Bacillus anthracis diversity in Kruger National Park
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DOI：
10.1128/jcm.38.10.3780-3784.2000
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Keim, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, KL;DeVos, V;Keim, P
南非的克鲁格国家公园（KNP）有记录的炭疽病周期性流行的历史，导致野生动物广泛患病。炭疽芽孢杆菌是炭疽病的病原菌，炭疽病主要发生在有蹄类食草动物身上，世界范围内B的种类很少。炭疽菌分离株，但检查可变数目串联重复（VNTR）位点已确定6个主要的克隆，与最不相似的类型分为A和B分支。A和B类型都在南部非洲发现，使该地区的遗传多样性最大的B。因此，南部非洲被假设为B的地理起源。炭疽病本研究利用多位点VNTR技术对98株KNP B炭疽菌进行了基因型鉴定。两种主要类型是明显的，A分支和B分支。不同基因型的空间和时间分布表明，炭疽疫源地是独立的，虽然通过环境线索相关，克鲁格B分离物被发现在显着高钙和高pa的土壤比克鲁格A型。基因型和土壤化学之间的这种关系可能是由于适应不同的炭疽菌株之间的差异。虽然这种关联可能只是偶然的，但A型对不同环境条件的适应与它们更大的地理分布和遗传差异是一致的。
The Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, has a recorded history of periodic anthrax epidemics causing widespread disease among wild animals. Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a disease primarily affecting ungulate herbivores, Worldwide there is little diversity among B. anthracis isolates, but examination of variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci has identified six major clones, with the most dissimilar types split into the A and B branches, Both the A and B types are found in southern Africa, giving this region the greatest genetic diversity of B. anthracis worldwide, Consequently, southern Africa has been hypothesized to be the geographic origin of B. anthracis. In this study, we identify the genotypic types of 98 KNP B, anthracis isolates using multiple-locus VNTR analysis. Two major types are evident, the A branch and the B branch. The spatial and temporal distribution of the different genotypes indicates that anthrax epidemic foci are independent, though correlated through environmental cues, Kruger B isolates were found on significantly higher-calcium and higher-pa soils than were Kruger type A. This relationship between genotype and soil chemistry may be due to adaptive differences among divergent anthrax strains. While this association may be simply fortuitous, adaptation of A types to diverse environmental conditions is consistent with their greater geographic dispersal and genetic dissimilarity.