Going Wild: Toward an Ecology of Visual Information Processing
Going Wild: Toward an Ecology of Visual Information Processing
复制标题
走向狂野：走向视觉信息处理的生态
DOI：
10.1101/087969819.49.381
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Stürzl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Zeil;N. Boeddeker;J. Hemmi;W. Stürzl
尽管我们对感觉编码、感觉-运动反馈回路和运动控制有着广泛的了解，但对于是什么让动物成为如此成功的自主代理人，我们在很大程度上仍然一无所知。即使在节肢动物的大脑很小，我们也不完全了解行为相关信息是如何获得，过滤和处理以指导行为的。这对神经生物学提出了根本性的挑战（例如，例如，我们所知道的关于视觉处理的神经基础的大多数知识来自于使用定义明确的简单图案的实验，例如黑色和白色条纹或随机点，这些图案被选择来帮助我们解释神经元的反应。此外，在大多数情况下，我们别无选择，只能在剥离的生物体和分离或切片的大脑制备物中研究神经元，以便能够测量它们的反应特性。神经生理学研究已经揭示了大量关于神经元的信息及其许多有趣的特性，但这些特性不一定是自然操作条件下唯一相关的特性。神经系统不是一般的信息传输和处理设备，但它们已经进化到解决特定的计算任务，这些任务与动物在给定环境中的生存和适应有关。视觉处理机制适应于它们在这些自然情况下遇到的信号的特性（例如，参见Simoncelli和Ohlshausen 2001; Burton和Laughlin 2003），如最近使用自然视觉刺激的研究所证明的（例如，参见Reinagel 2001;.
With all our extensive knowledge of sensory coding, sensory-motor feedback loops, and motor control, we are still largely ignorant about what enables animals to be such successful autonomous agents. Even in arthropods with their tiny brains, we do not fully understand how behaviorally relevant information is acquired, filtered, and processed to guide behavior. This poses a fundamental challenge to neurobiology (e.g., see Pfluger and Menzel 1999): Most of what we know about the neural basis of visual processing, for instance, comes from experiments using well-defined simple patterns, such as black and white stripes or random dots, which were chosen to facilitate our interpretation of the neuronal responses. In addition, in most cases, we have no alternative but to study neurons out of context, in stripped-down organisms and in isolated or sliced-up brain preparations, in order to be able to measure their response properties. Neurophysiological studies have revealed a wealth of information on neurons and many of their interesting properties, but these properties are not necessarily the only ones that are relevant under natural operating conditions. Nervous systems are not general information transmission and processing devices, but they have evolved to solve specific computational tasks that are relevant to the survival and the fitness of an animal in a given environment. Visual processing mechanisms are adapted to the properties of the signals they encounter under these natural situations (e.g., see Simoncelli and Ohlshausen 2001; Burton and Laughlin 2003), as recent studies using natural visual stimuli have demonstrated (e.g., see Reinagel 2001;...