Interdependence, Institutions, and the Balance of Power: Britain, Germany, and World War I
Interdependence, Institutions, and the Balance of Power: Britain, Germany, and World War I
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相互依存、制度和力量平衡：英国、德国和第一次世界大战
DOI：
10.1162/isec.20.4.42
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Paul A. Papayoanou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paul A. Papayoanou
在1914年以前的时期，经济联系比之前或之后的任何时期都更为广泛和重要，这一时期的主要主角英国和德国是彼此最好的客户。然而，英国和德国奉行的外交政策大不相同;德国奉行的是侵略性的扩张主义外交政策，而英国则对德国采取了一种既平衡又和解的矛盾的“跨越政策”。许多人认为，这种截然不同的行为和第一次世界大战的爆发，证伪了许多国际关系自由主义理论家所持的观点，即高度的经济相互依存有利于和平;现实主义批评家也认为，这证实了他们的立场，即高层政治家在国际政治中占主导地位。虽然第一次世界大战显然违背了自由主义的观点，但我认为现实主义者也是错误的。在1914年8月之前的一段时间里，经济上的相互依赖对英国和德国的均势政治战略产生了深远的影响，但两国奉行截然不同的外交政策，
I Economic ties were more extensive and significant in the period before 1914 than at any time before or since, and the chief protagonists of the period, Britain and Germany, were one another’s best customers. Yet Britain and Germany pursued much different foreign policies; Germany pursued an aggressive, expansionist foreign policy and Britain responded with an ambivalent ”straddle policy” toward Germany that was a mix of balancing and conciliation. Many argue that such disparate behavior and the outbreak of World War I falsify the view held by many liberal theorists of international relations that high levels of economic interdependence are conducive to peace; realist critics also suggest that this affirms their position that the requisites of high politics dominate in international politics.’ While the First World War clearly contravenes the liberal view, I argue that the realists are also wrong. Economic interdependence had a profound effect on British and German strategies in balance-of-power politics in the period leading up to August 1914, but the two pursued much different foreign policies because of