Errors committed with high confidence are hypercorrected
Errors committed with high confidence are hypercorrected
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DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.27.6.1491
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Metcalfe, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butterfield, B;Metcalfe, J
人们对错误反应的准确性的信心和他们后来的表现之间的关系进行了调查。大多数人类记忆模型表明，一个人的信心越高，从记忆中检索到的项目（在引发线索的背景下）就越强。在回忆中，对线索较强的联想者比较弱的联想者更能干扰竞争联想者。这种情况意味着，高置信度而不是低置信度的错误应该更难通过学习正确的反应反馈来纠正。与作者的预期相反，高度自信的错误最有可能在随后的重新测试中得到纠正。在重新测试时，参与者几乎总是支持正确的反应，而正确的反应和最初的错误反应都是在重新测试时产生的，这表明人们拥有一种精确的元认知能力，可以知道什么是正确的，什么是不正确的。
The relation between people's confidence in the accuracy of an erroneous response and their later performance was investigated. Most models of human memory suggest that the higher a person's confidence, the stronger the item (in the context of the eliciting cue) that is retrieved from memory. In recall, stronger associates to a cue interfere with competing associates more than do weaker associates. This state of affairs implies that errors endorsed with high, rather than low, confidence should be more difficult to correct by learning the correct response feedback. In contrast to the authors' expectations, highly confident errors were the most likely to be corrected in a subsequent retest. Participants nearly always endorsed the correct response in cases in which both the correct response and the original erroneous response were generated at retest, suggesting that people possess a refined metacognitive ability to know what is correct and incorrect.