A CFD modeling study in an urban street canyon for ultrafine particles and population exposure: The intake fraction approach
A CFD modeling study in an urban street canyon for ultrafine particles and population exposure: The intake fraction approach
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.089
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发表时间：
2015-10-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Chaloulakou, Archontoula
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Habilomatis, George;Chaloulakou, Archontoula
街道峡谷的空气质量非常重要，因为这些微环境中经常会遇到最高的污染水平。峡谷效应（自然通风减少）使它们成为颗粒物污染的“热点”，对暴露人群的健康造成不利影响。在这项研究中，我们试图通过应用摄入分数 (iF) 方法来表征交通 UFP（超细颗粒）排放对城市街道峡谷人口暴露的影响。已监测并使用了长达一个月的 UFP 水平测量结果以满足本研究的需要。我们应用基于真实测量的三维计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模型来模拟 UFP 水平。我们使用每天评估研究区域的渗透因子来估计室内 UFP 水平。因此，行人、居民和办公室工作人员的摄入分数在(1E-5)-(1E-4)范围内。街道峡谷主要是住宅区，这在一定程度上证明了居民摄入比例较高的价值 (1E-4)。上述 iF 值与相关街道峡谷研究中评估的相应 iF 值处于同一数量级。该微环境中的总 iF 值比我们的高一个数量级，部分原因是不同的用途和活动。还研究了 iF 评估排放源优先顺序和环境正义问题的两个具体应用。我们运行了柴油和汽油汽车的场景，柴油燃料汽车似乎是提高整体 iF 的目标源。我们的应用重点关注雅典市中心典型的小型住宅区，以评估高分辨率 iF。最近的研究强调了微观尺度的源-暴露关系研究的重要性。 (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Air quality in street canyons is of major importance, since the highest pollution levels are often encountered in these microenvironments. The canyon effect (reduced natural ventilation) makes them "hot spots" for particulate pollution contributing to adverse health effects for the exposed population. In this study we tried to characterize the influence of UFP (ultrafine particle) emissions from traffic on population exposure in an urban street canyon, by applying the intake fraction (iF) approach. One month long measurements of UFP levels have been monitored and used for the need of this study. We applied a three dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model based on real measurements for the simulation of UFP levels. We used infiltration factors, evaluated on a daily basis for the under study area, to estimate the indoor UFP levels. As a result the intake fraction for the pedestrians, residents and office workers is in the range of (1E-5)-(1E-4). The street canyon is mostly residential justifying partially the higher value of intake fraction for residents (1E-4). The above iF value is on the same order of magnitude with the corresponding one evaluated in a relative street canyon study. The total iF value in this microenvironment is one order of magnitude higher than ours, explained partially by the different use and activities. Two specific applications of iF to assess prioritization among emission sources and environmental justice issues are also examined. We ran a scenario with diesel and gasoline cars and diesel fueled vehicle seems to be a target source to improve overall iF. Our application focus on a small residential area, typical of urban central Athens, in order to evaluate high resolution iF. The significance of source-exposure relationship study in a micro scale is emphasized by recent research. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.