Environmental surveys, specimen bank and health related environmental monitoring in Germany
Environmental surveys, specimen bank and health related environmental monitoring in Germany
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.013
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Seiwert, Margarete
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kolossa-Gehring, Marike;Becker, Kerstin;Seiwert, Margarete
化学品的生产、产品和消费品的使用、食品污染以及当今的生活条件都与人类大量接触化学品有关。人类和环境的安全必须由生产者和政府来保障。人体生物监测（HBM）已被证明是控制人体暴露和促进风险评估的有用和强大的工具，因此，德国联邦环境署（Umweltbundesamt，乌巴）采用了两个主要的HBM工具，德国环境调查（GerES）和德国环境样本库（ESB）。GerES是一项关于HBM和外部人体暴露的全国性人口代表性研究，阿利亚其他外，已用于确定自来水中的铅、铅降尘、交通时间和居住年龄作为铅暴露源，从而得出降低风险的措施。ESB是一种永久性的监测仪器，也是人体标本的档案室。邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚A的回顾性监测提供了德国过去几十年人类暴露的连续历史记录。此外，它还表明，根据生产和消费数据对人类接触的估计可能提供关于人类接触的误导性信息。HBM数据表明：（a）如果限制异构体邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯的使用减少，而邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯的水平保持不变，（B）人类双酚A暴露量可能会被高估，而没有监测数据。多环芳烃暴露量的减少证明了德国统一后德国环境政策的成功。除了GerES和ES B乌巴参与了不同的合作网络，其中最突出的两个是（1）HBM在欧洲的协调（ESBIO;支持欧洲生物监测的专家团队，COPHES/DEMOCOPHES;在欧洲范围内进行人体生物监测的联盟/在欧洲范围内协调和进行人体生物监测的研究示范）和（2）BMU和德国化学工业协会（VCI）之间的合作。在后一个项目中，重点将放在对健康有潜在影响的物质上，以及普通人群可能在相当大程度上接触的物质上，以及HBM方法迄今为止还没有提供的物质上。(C)2011年Elsevier GmbH。All rights reserved.
Production of chemicals, use of products and consumer goods, contamination of food as well as today's living conditions are related to a substantial exposure of humans to chemicals. Safety of human beings and the environment has to be safeguarded by producers and government. Human biomonitoring (HBM) has proven to be a useful and powerful tool to control human exposure and facilitate risk assessment.Therefore, the German Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, UBA) employs two major HBM tools, the German Environmental Survey (GerES) and the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB). GerES is a nationwide population representative study on HBM and external human exposure, which has, inter alia, been used to identify lead in tap water, lead dustfall, time spent in traffic, and age of dwelling as exposure sources for lead and, thus, to derive risk reduction measures. The ESB is a permanent monitoring instrument and an archive for human specimens. Retrospective monitoring of phthalates and bisphenol A provides a continuous historical record of human exposure in Germany, over the last decades. Additionally it revealed that estimations of human exposure based on production and consumption data may supply misleading information on human exposure. HBM data demonstrated that (a) the use if the restricted isomer di-n-butylphthalat decreased while di-i-butylphthalate levels remained constant and (b) human bisphenol A exposure might be overestimated without monitoring data.The decrease of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-exposure proves the success of German environmental policy after German re-unification.In addition to GerES and ESB UBA is involved in different co-operation networks, the two most prominent of which are (1) the harmonization of HBM in Europe (ESBIO; Expert Team to Support Biomonitoring in Europe, COPHES/DEMOCOPHES; Consortium to Perform Human Biomonitoring on a European Scale/Demonstration of a study to Coordinate and Perform Human Biomonitoring on a European Scale) and (2) the co-operation between BMU and the German Chemical Industry Association (VCI). In the latter project emphasis will be placed on substances with a potential relevance for health and on substances to which the general population might potentially be exposed to a considerable extent and for which HBM methods are not available up to now. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.