History of Volcanic Activity, Magma Evolution and Eruptive Mechanisms of the Changbai Volcanic Province
History of Volcanic Activity, Magma Evolution and Eruptive Mechanisms of the Changbai Volcanic Province
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
S. Qian
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作者：
S. Qian
中国东北长白山的火山岩覆盖了大片地区。长白山火山省是中国最大的第四纪火山省，可分为天池火山省（TVP）、王田火山省（WVP）、龙岗火山省（LVP）和图们江火山省（TRVP）四个部分。TRVP和WVP的火山活动开始于上新世，主要发生在上新世-中更新世（5.5 ~0.19 Ma）和上新世-早更新世（4.77 ~2.12 Ma）。TVP四个火山省是不同的。在TRPV中，为洪水喷发形成的拉斑岩；而在TVP、WVP和LVP中，LVP和LVP在第四纪（早更新世至全新世）活化。这些火山喷发的火山活动及其产物在早期形成了钾质粗质玄武岩的熔岩屏障，随后发生了不同的岩浆演化路径。在TVP和WVP中，钾质粗质玄武岩侵入地壳腔室，储存并经历强烈的分离结晶。演化的岩浆以碱性流纹岩和泛辉岩为主，富含硅、碱和挥发物。它的喷发形成了两座巨大的层状火山。TVP下钾质粗玄武岩的活动控制了两次火山喷发：一是地幔粗玄武岩岩浆向壳室回流和岩浆混合引发的提阿奇火山千年喷发；钾质粗质玄武岩的中心喷发，形成了天池火山的大锥和附近的许多小锥。在岩浆盾上共发生160多个火山锥，这些火山喷发的岩石类型为软流圈和富岩石圈地幔的混合喷发。LVP火山岩为独特的钾质粗质玄武岩。微量元素地球化学数据和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素表明，地幔以软流圈贫地幔为主，富岩石圈娱乐较少。晚上新世以后，长白山的地球动力学受西太平洋板块俯冲和东北亚弧后伸展的控制。在这一特殊的活动大陆边缘，又发生了大规模的含钾粗质玄武岩活动。
Volcanic rocks cover large area of the Changbai Mountain Range, Northeast China. As the largest Quaternary volcanic province in China, the Changbaishan volcanic province can be divided into four parts, including the Tianchi volcanic province (TVP), the Wangtian,e volcanic province (WVP), the Longang volcanic provicne (LVP) and the Tumen River volcanic province (TRVP). Volcanic activity in TRVP and WVP began in Pliocene, dominated in Pliocene-Mid-Pleistocene (5.5 ～0.19 Ma) and Pliocene-Early-Pleistocene (4.77 ～2.12 Ma), respectively. TVP four volcanic provinces are different. In TRPV, it is tholeiite from flood eruption; while in TVP, WVP and LVP, the and LVP activated in Quaternary, from Early-Pleistocene to Holocene. The volcanic activities and products in these volcanic eruptions formed lava shields of potassic trachybasalt in the early stage, and then different magma evolution paths occurred. In TVP and WVP, potassic trachyebasalt emplaced into the crustal chamber, stored and experienced strong fractional crystallization. The evolved magma was mainly alkaline rhyolitic and pantelleritic, highly enriched in silicon, alkalies and volatiles. Its eruptions formed two huge stratovolcanoes. Activity of the potassic trachybasalt beneath the TVP controlled two kinds of eruptions: the millennium eruption of Tiachi Volcano, which was triggered by refluxing of the mantle trachybasalt magma to the crustal chamber and subsequent magma mixing; and the centric eruption of the potassic trachybasalt, which formed the big cone of Tianchi Volcano and many other small cones in the vicinity. In the LVP, on the lava shield occurred over 160 volcanic cones, The rock type of these eruptions was sources were mixtures of asthenosphere and enriched lithospheric mantle. As to the LVP, the volcanics were unique potassic trachybasalt. Geochemical data of trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes indicate that the mantle dominated by depleted mantle of asthenosphere, and with less entertainment of enriched lithosphere. After the late Pliocene, geodynamics of the Changbai Mountain Range was controlled by the subduction of the western Pacific Plate and the extension of the Northeastern Asian back arc. In this special active continental margin, large scale of potassic trachybasalt activity occurred again.