Enteric nervous system development: A crest cell's journey from neural tube to colon.
Enteric nervous system development: A crest cell's journey from neural tube to colon.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.006
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Goldstein AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nagy N;Goldstein AM
肠神经系统（ENS）由神经元和神经胶质细胞组成，负责协调胃肠（GI）功能的许多方面。这些细胞来自神经嵴，迁移到肠道，然后继续它们的旅程，在整个胃肠道中定居。在过去的几十年里，我们对调节这些过程的分子和细胞事件的理解有了显着的进步，这在很大程度上是由于使用啮齿动物，鸟类和斑马鱼作为模型系统来解剖所涉及的信号和途径。这些研究强调了ENS发育的高度动态性以及仔细平衡肠神经嵴衍生细胞（ENCC）的迁移、增殖和分化的重要性。增殖尤其重要，因为它驱动细胞密度和迁移速度，这两者对于确保肠道的完全定殖都很重要。然而，增殖必须通过已经到达其最终目的地并准备好发送轴突延伸、连接到效应细胞并开始产生神经递质或其他信号的细胞之间的分化来缓和。引导ENCC发展的正常过程异常可导致ENS形成失败，如在先天性巨结肠病中发生的，其中远端肠保持无神经节细胞。这篇综述总结了我们目前对ENS早期发展所涉及的因素的认识，并讨论了需要进一步研究的领域。
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is comprised of a network of neurons and glial cells that are responsible for coordinating many aspects of gastrointestinal (GI) function. These cells arise from the neural crest, migrate to the gut, and then continue their journey to colonize the entire length of the GI tract. Our understanding of the molecular and cellular events that regulate these processes has advanced significantly over the past several decades, in large part facilitated by the use of rodents, avians, and zebrafish as model systems to dissect the signals and pathways involved. These studies have highlighted the highly dynamic nature of ENS development and the importance of carefully balancing migration, proliferation, and differentiation of enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs). Proliferation, in particular, is critically important as it drives cell density and speed of migration, both of which are important for ensuring complete colonization of the gut. However, proliferation must be tempered by differentiation among cells that have reached their final destination and are ready to send axonal extensions, connect to effector cells, and begin to produce neurotransmitters or other signals. Abnormalities in the normal processes guiding ENCC development can lead to failure of ENS formation, as occurs in Hirschsprung disease, in which the distal intestine remains aganglionic. This review summarizes our current understanding of the factors involved in early development of the ENS and discusses areas in need of further investigation.