Exploring Cultural Differences in the Extent to Which People Perceive and Desire Control
Exploring Cultural Differences in the Extent to Which People Perceive and Desire Control
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DOI：
10.1177/0146167218780692
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Bain, Paul G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hornsey, Matthew J.;Greenaway, Katharine H.;Bain, Paul G.
在一篇开创性的理论文章中，Weisz和他的同事们认为，在日本，对环境的控制比在美国更难实现，也更不可取。随后，许多学者从这一论点推断，声称控制方面存在广泛的文化差异：西方/个人主义文化比东方/集体主义文化更能感知和渴望对环境的个人控制。然而，令人惊讶的是，几乎没有实证研究对这一说法进行了检验。为了检验这一概念，在研究1中，我们在38个具有全国代表性的样本（N = 48，951）中检查了对一个人生活的感知控制。在研究2中，我们测量了27个国家（N = 4，726）社区样本的控制欲望。总之，这些研究表明，日本人的感知和期望控制水平低于其他任何国家。除了日本效应之外，没有证据表明个人主义和集体主义国家之间，或者整体主义和非整体主义国家之间在感知或期望控制方面存在差异。
In a seminal theory piece, Weisz and colleagues argued that control over one's environment was less attainable and desirable in Japan than in America. Subsequently, many scholars have extrapolated from this argument to claim broad-based cultural differences in control: that Western/individualist cultures perceive and desire more personal control over their environment than do Eastern/collectivist cultures. Yet surprisingly little empirical research has put this claim to the test. To test this notion, in Study 1 we examined perceived control over one's life in 38 nationally representative samples (N = 48,951). In Study 2, we measured desire for control in community samples across 27 nations (N = 4,726). Together, the studies show lower levels of perceived and desired control in Japan than in any other nation. Over and above the Japan effect, there was no evidence for differences in perceived or desired control between individualist and collectivist nations, or between holistic and nonholistic nations.