Liquid biopsy utility for the surveillance of cutaneous malignant melanoma patients.
Liquid biopsy utility for the surveillance of cutaneous malignant melanoma patients.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.molonc.2015.12.008
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Hoon DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang SK;Hoon DS
皮肤黑色素瘤是发病率最高的癌症之一，在西方社会的患病率不断增加。尽管出现了新的批准的治疗方法，IV期黑色素瘤患者的5年总生存率仍然低于15%。目前对晚期疾病的治疗在较低的疾病负担下显示出更高的疗效。因此，能够在临床上明显的远处转移之前检测黑色素瘤的基于血液的生物标志物将改善黑色素瘤患者的治疗和结果。为此，黑色素瘤的有效治疗需要识别有发生远处转移风险的患者。此外，采用在治疗过程中监测癌症进展的血液生物标志物是治疗后通常在黑色素瘤患者中产生的耐药性的有希望的解决方案。非侵入性血液生物标志物测定允许定期动态监测疾病。血液“液体活检”利用循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）、无细胞循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）和无细胞循环微小RNA（cmiRNA），已被证明可以检测AJCC III期和IV期复发的预后因素黑色素瘤患者。此外，CTC的分子表征和各种形式的ctDNA的分析在黑色素瘤患者的个体化治疗的发展中呈现出有希望的潜力。大规模平行测序（MPS）等新方法提供了疾病进展的全面视图，允许为个体患者选择治疗方案。随着分子生物学检测技术的不断进步，液体活检分析作为一种强有力的、常规的临床检测手段，在黑色素瘤患者中具有很好的应用前景。
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the highest incident-rate cancers with increasing prevalence in Western societies. Despite the advent of new approved therapeutics, the 5-year overall survival rate of stage IV melanoma patients remains below 15%. Current treatments for late-stage disease have shown higher efficacy when treated at a lower disease burden. Thus, blood-based biomarkers capable of detecting melanoma prior to clinically evident distant metastasis, will improve the treatment and outcomes for melanoma patients. To that end, effective treatment of melanoma necessitates identification of patients at risk for developing distant metastases. Furthermore, employing blood biomarkers that monitor cancer progression over the course of treatment, is a promising solution to post-treatment drug resistance often developed in melanoma patients. Non-invasive blood biomarker assays allow for regular dynamic monitoring of disease. “Liquid Biopsy” of blood, which exploits circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cell-free circulating microRNA (cmiRNA), has been shown to detect prognostic factors for relapse in AJCC stage III and stage IV melanoma patients. Moreover, molecular characterization of CTC and analysis of various forms of ctDNA present promising potential in development of individualized therapy for melanoma patients. New approaches such as massive parallel sequencing (MPS) provide a comprehensive view of the disease progression, allowing for the selection of therapeutic options for individual patients. With advancements of improving molecular assays, liquid biopsy analysis as a powerful, routine clinical assay for melanoma patients, is highly promising prospective.