Standardized Assessment of Biodiversity Trends in Tropical Forest Protected Areas: The End Is Not in Sight.
Standardized Assessment of Biodiversity Trends in Tropical Forest Protected Areas: The End Is Not in Sight.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002357
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Andelman SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beaudrot L;Ahumada JA;O'Brien T;Alvarez-Loayza P;Boekee K;Campos-Arceiz A;Eichberg D;Espinosa S;Fegraus E;Fletcher C;Gajapersad K;Hallam C;Hurtado J;Jansen PA;Kumar A;Larney E;Lima MG;Mahony C;Martin EH;McWilliam A;Mugerwa B;Ndoundou-Hockemba M;Razafimahaimodison JC;Romero-Saltos H;Rovero F;Salvador J;Santos F;Sheil D;Spironello WR;Willig MR;Winarni NL;Zvoleff A;Andelman SJ
人类世的灭绝率比背景高三个数量级，而且不成比例地发生在热带地区，那里是世界上一半物种的家园。尽管全球努力对抗热带物种灭绝，但缺乏关于热带生物多样性的高质量、客观信息阻碍了保护策略的定量评估。特别是，热带森林种群水平监测的缺乏阻碍了对生物多样性结果的评估，例如保护区动物种群的状况和趋势。在此，我们评估了来自三大洲15个热带森林保护区的244种陆地哺乳动物和鸟类的511个种群的占用趋势。据我们所知，我们首次使用了全球热带森林的年度调查，这些调查采用了标准化的相机捕获协议，我们计算了数据分析，以纠正不完美的检测。我们发现，在过去的3-8年里，22%的人口入住率下降了22%，增加了17%，22%的人口没有变化，而39%的人口被发现的频率太低，无法评估入住率的变化。尽管占用趋势存在广泛差异，但这15个热带保护区在群落层面上并未出现生物多样性（即占用、丰富度或均匀度）的系统性下降。我们的结果与基于汇总的二手数据和专家意见的广泛生物多样性下降的报告不同，并表明热带森林保护区的恶化程度不那么极端。我们同时填补了重要的保护数据空白，并展示了大规模监测基础设施和强大分析的价值，这些基础设施和分析可以扩展到其他地点、生态系统和监测方法。在灾难性生物多样性丧失的时代，标准化监测基础设施产生的可靠指标对于准确评估种群结果和确定可以避免生物多样性崩溃的保护策略至关重要。与其他报告不同的是，一个泛热带摄像机陷阱网络的初步结果表明，热带森林保护区保持着大中型陆生哺乳动物和鸟类的生物多样性。人类目前正在将许多动物物种推向灭绝。在大多数物种生活的热带地区，物种损失尤其严重，那里的生物多样性受到严重威胁。像国家公园这样的保护区是物种保护的基石，但保护区是否真的能维持动物数量并防止物种灭绝一直存在争议。这尤其适用于研究不足的地区，如热带森林，这些地区通常没有高质量的数据。我们使用相机陷阱来监测世界各地15个受保护的热带森林中的地面哺乳动物和鸟类的种群，然后使用强大的分析来确定它们的种群趋势。我们发现一些动物的数量增加了，而另一些则减少了。然而，在3-8年的调查中，这些地区的物种数量和分布并没有下降。与之前的研究相比，这些结果对保护区的成功更加乐观。我们的研究证明了标准化监测对保护的重要性。
Extinction rates in the Anthropocene are three orders of magnitude higher than background and disproportionately occur in the tropics, home of half the world’s species. Despite global efforts to combat tropical species extinctions, lack of high-quality, objective information on tropical biodiversity has hampered quantitative evaluation of conservation strategies. In particular, the scarcity of population-level monitoring in tropical forests has stymied assessment of biodiversity outcomes, such as the status and trends of animal populations in protected areas. Here, we evaluate occupancy trends for 511 populations of terrestrial mammals and birds, representing 244 species from 15 tropical forest protected areas on three continents. For the first time to our knowledge, we use annual surveys from tropical forests worldwide that employ a standardized camera trapping protocol, and we compute data analytics that correct for imperfect detection. We found that occupancy declined in 22%, increased in 17%, and exhibited no change in 22% of populations during the last 3–8 years, while 39% of populations were detected too infrequently to assess occupancy changes. Despite extensive variability in occupancy trends, these 15 tropical protected areas have not exhibited systematic declines in biodiversity (i.e., occupancy, richness, or evenness) at the community level. Our results differ from reports of widespread biodiversity declines based on aggregated secondary data and expert opinion and suggest less extreme deterioration in tropical forest protected areas. We simultaneously fill an important conservation data gap and demonstrate the value of large-scale monitoring infrastructure and powerful analytics, which can be scaled to incorporate additional sites, ecosystems, and monitoring methods. In an era of catastrophic biodiversity loss, robust indicators produced from standardized monitoring infrastructure are critical to accurately assess population outcomes and identify conservation strategies that can avert biodiversity collapse. In contrast to other reports, inaugural results from a pan-tropical camera trap network suggest that tropical forest protected areas maintain their biodiversity of large and medium ground-dwelling mammals and birds. Humans are currently driving numerous animal species toward extinction. Species loss is especially high in tropical regions where most species live and where biodiversity threats are severe. Protected areas such as national parks are the cornerstone of species conservation, but whether protected areas really sustain animal populations and prevent extinction has been debated. This applies particularly to understudied areas such as tropical forests, for which high-quality data are usually not available. We used camera traps to monitor populations of ground-dwelling mammals and birds in 15 protected tropical forests around the world and then used powerful analytics to determine their population trends. We found that some animal populations increased while others decreased. However, the number and distribution of species in these areas did not decline during the 3–8 years we examined. These results are more optimistic about the success of protected areas than were previous studies. Our study demonstrates the importance of standardized monitoring for conservation.