Direct nanoscale observations of degassing-induced crystallisation in felsic magmas

Direct nanoscale observations of degassing-induced crystallisation in felsic magmas
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长英质岩浆脱气诱导结晶的直接纳米尺度观察

DOI:
10.1007/s00410-022-01900-1
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Cottrell, Elizabeth
Cottrell, Elizabeth
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pistone, Mattia;Formo, Eric;Whittington, Alan G.;Herbst, Thomas;Cottrell, Elizabeth

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水脱气作用通过提高液相线温度、气泡和晶体体积分数,并强烈影响块状岩浆的粘度,在岩浆的运移和喷发中起着重要作用。详细描述气泡和晶体生长动态的高空间分辨率纹理分析是揭示岩浆结晶度和气体含量快速变化的关键,这些变化影响岩浆流动、碎裂和喷发的条件。从以前的岩浆脱气实验研究的样品的非原位观察表明,囊泡周围的化学不均匀的残余玻璃,可能产生的新形成的矿物,在微观上是不可观察的。在这里,我们提出了新的原位高温(500-1100 °C),时间流逝(在200-800 °C下每20分钟,在900-1000 °C下每10分钟,在1100 °C下每5分钟)的合成,含水(4.2重量%)的脱气观察。H2O)英安岩玻璃。实验再现了由安装在分析仪器中的高温加热台进行的熔体脱气。我们监测的动力学的成核和生长的nanobubbles经历合并和形成的微泡和触发的成核和生长的斜长石,单斜辉石,Fe-Ti氧化物,和石英的nanobubbles,在剩余的熔体的费用。图像脱气和结晶在纳米尺度的能力揭示了一系列复杂的物理和化学变化的残余熔体,并表明,在结晶熔体的动力学是调制的熔体的能力exsolve有助于形成矿物核和nanocomposites的流体。最后,我们强调,气体保留和结晶之间的竞争是在纳米级发起的,并可能预期的作用,微晶控制岩浆上升率在火山管道和调制随之而来的火山喷发的风格。
Water degassing plays a major role in magma transport and eruption by increasing liquidus temperatures, bubble and crystal volume fractions, and strongly affecting the viscosity of bulk magma. High spatial resolution textural analysis detailing the dynamics of bubble and crystal growth is key to unravelling the swift changes in magma crystallinity and gas content that affect the conditions of magma flow, fragmentation, and eruption. Ex situ observation of samples from a previous experimental study of magma degassing reveals that vesicles are surrounded by chemically heterogeneous residual glass that may be produced by newly formed minerals that are not observable at the microscale. Here, we present new in situ high-temperature (500–1100 °C), time-elapsed (every ~ 20 min at 200–800 °C, ~ 10 min at 900–1000 °C, and ~ 5 min at 1100 °C) observations of degassing of synthesised, hydrous (4.2 wt.% H2O) dacite glasses using scanning transmission electron microscopy at 0.4 nm resolution. The experiments reproduce degassing of a silicic melt by high-temperature heated stage mounted in the analytical instrument. We monitor the dynamics of nucleation and growth of nanobubbles that experience coalescence and formation of microbubbles and trigger the nucleation and growth of nanolites of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxides, and quartz, at the expense of the residual melt. The ability to image degassing and crystallisation at nanoscale reveals a sequence of complex physical and chemical changes of the residual melt and shows that the kinetics of crystallisation in silicic melts is modulated by the melt’s ability to exsolve fluids that help form mineral nuclei and nanolites. Finally, we highlight that the competition between gas retention and crystallisation is initiated at the nanoscale and may anticipate the role of microlites in controlling rates of magma ascent in a volcanic conduit and modulating the style of the consequent volcanic eruption.
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