Microbiota Composition and Functional Profiling Throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract of Commercial Weaning Piglets
Microbiota Composition and Functional Profiling Throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract of Commercial Weaning Piglets
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms7090343
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Forano, Evelyne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gresse, Raphaele;Chaucheyras Durand, Frederique;Forano, Evelyne
断奶转产引起的饮食、环境和社会压力与肠道微生物区系的改变、腹泻和肠道感染有关。随着基因组技术的蓬勃发展，许多研究对断奶过程中仔猪粪便细菌群落的动态进行了研究，但对其他胃肠道微生物群落的组成和功能特性的研究较少。本研究的目的是通过定量聚合酶链式反应和高通量测序在结构水平上提供关于整个消化道的仔猪细菌和古细菌微生物区系的更多信息，并通过测量短链脂肪酸和使用Tax4Fun工具预测功能。我们的结果突出了生活在前肠和下肠的微生物群落之间的结构和功能上的巨大差异，以及后肠中一个数量上重要的古菌群落。机会性病原体的存在也在整个消化道中被注意到，并可能引发感染出现。了解仔猪肠道微生物区系在断奶过程中的作用可以提供有关断奶后感染病原学的进一步信息，并有助于开发有效的预防解决方案。
Dietary, environmental, and social stresses induced by weaning transition in pig production are associated with alterations of gut microbiota, diarrhea, and enteric infections. With the boom of-omic technologies, numerous studies have investigated the dynamics of fecal bacterial communities of piglets throughout weaning but much less research has been focused on the composition and functional properties of microbial communities inhabiting other gastrointestinal segments. The objective of the present study was to bring additional information about the piglet bacterial and archaeal microbiota throughout the entire digestive tract, both at the structural level by using quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, and on functionality by measurement of short-chain fatty acids and predictions using Tax4Fun tool. Our results highlighted strong structural and functional differences between microbial communities inhabiting the fore and the lower gut as well as a quantitatively important archaeal community in the hindgut. The presence of opportunistic pathogens was also noticed throughout the entire digestive tract and could trigger infection emergence. Understanding the role of the intestinal piglet microbiota at weaning could provide further information about the etiology of post-weaning infections and lead to the development of effective preventive solutions.