Impacts of land finance on urban sprawl in China: The case of Chongqing
Impacts of land finance on urban sprawl in China: The case of Chongqing
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土地财政对中国城市扩张的影响：以重庆为例
DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.004
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Song, Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Yong;Fan, Peilei;Song, Yan
不平衡的土地改革和错综复杂的土地使用法规被广泛认为是中国大城市城市扩张的关键。尽管土地问题的重要性已得到充分认识，但在解释城市扩张现象时，土地财政方面的冲突似乎普遍被低估。本研究进行了广泛的文献研究，并提出了一个概念框架来论证土地财政激励对中国城市扩张的影响。中国的城市扩张有多种形式，例如跨越式工业园区、与现有城市中心不连续的低密度住宅社区以及混乱的城郊非正规开发。这些形式的城市扩张可能与土地财政激励下政府和市场力量的失灵密切相关。我们使用这个框架来分析重庆的经验，发现地方政府通过积极的土地租赁方式严重依赖土地财政。在政策的刺激下，重庆加快城市发展，突破现有自然屏障的限制，向城郊地区扩张。城市扩张的原因凸显在土地财政的内在冲动和冲突上，如在当前土地财政流失的情况下，低价工业用地供过于求，过度依赖居住用地不断增加的土地财政，以及通过正式和非正式手段瓜分土地财政蛋糕的激烈竞争。还讨论了拟议的框架和反蔓延政策的挑战。
Uneven land reform and entangled land-use regulations are extensively regarded as the key to urban sprawl in large cities in China. Although the significance of land issues has been substantially recognized, conflicts regarding land finance seem to be a generally under-evaluated factor in explaining the phenomenon of urban sprawl. This study conducted an extensive literature research and proposed a conceptual framework to demonstrate the effects of land financial incentives on urban sprawl in China. Urban sprawl in China manifests in multiple forms, such as leapfrogged industrial parks, low-density residential communities that are discontinuous from existing urban centers, and chaotic peri-urban informal development. These forms of urban sprawl may be closely associated with failures in government and market forces under the land financial incentives. We used this framework to analyze the experiences of Chongqing and found that local governments have heavily relied on land finance through the proactive approach of land leasing. Stimulated by the incentives, Chongqing has accelerated its urban development beyond the existing restrictions of natural barriers and sprawled toward the peri-urban areas. The causes of urban sprawl were highlighted from the inherent impulses and conflicts of land finance, such as the oversupply of underpriced industrial land at the current loss of land finance, overreliance on the continuously increasing land finance from residential land, and fierce competition on slicing the pie of land finance through formal and informal means. The proposed framework and the challenges of anti-sprawl policies were also discussed.