The roles of vision and eye movements in the control of activities of daily living
The roles of vision and eye movements in the control of activities of daily living
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DOI：
10.1068/p2935
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Rusted, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Land, M;Mennie, N;Rusted, J
本研究的目的是确定在自然环境（泡茶）中执行一项训练有素的任务时的注视模式，并对眼睛执行的监测动作类型进行分类。我们使用了一个头戴式眼动摄像机，它提供了一个连续的前景，与一个点指示中央凹方向的精度约为1度。第二台摄像机从房间的另一端记录了受试者的活动。这些视频被一帧一帧地链接和分析。中央凹的方向总是靠近被操纵的物体，很少有注视与任务无关。第一个物体相关的固定通常导致第一个操作指示0.56秒，视觉移动到下一个物体前约0.61秒的前一个物体的操作完成。每个对象相关的行为，不涉及一个等待期持续了平均3.3秒，涉及约7个固定。大约三分之一的对物体的注视可以通过以下四种监控功能中的一种来确定：定位过程中稍后使用的物体，将手或手中的物体引导到一个新的位置，引导一个物体接近另一个物体（例如水壶和盖子），以及检查某些变量的状态（例如水位）。我们的结论是，虽然泡茶的动作是“自动化”的，并且几乎没有意识参与，但眼睛密切监视着这个过程的每一步。这种无意识的注意力一定是日常生活中的一种常见现象。
The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of fixations during the performance of a well-learned task in a natural setting (making tea), and to classify the types of monitoring action that the eyes perform. We used a head-mounted eye-movement video camera, which provided a continuous view of the scene ahead, with a dot indicating foveal direction with an accuracy of about 1 deg. A second video camera recorded the subject's activities from across the room. The videos were linked and analysed frame by frame. Foveal direction was always close to the object being manipulated, and very few fixations were irrelevant to the task. The first object-related fixation typically led the first indication of manipulation by 0.56 s, and vision moved to the next object about 0.61 s before manipulation of the previous object was complete. Each object-related act that did not involve a waiting period lasted an average of 3.3 s and involved about 7 fixations. Roughly a third of all fixations on objects could be definitely identified with one of four monitoring functions: locating objects used later in the process, directing the hand or object in the hand to a new location, guiding the approach of one object to another (eg kettle and lid), and checking the state of some variable (eg water level). We conclude that although the actions of tea-making are 'automated' and proceed with little conscious involvement, the eyes closely monitor every step of the process. This type of unconscious attention must be a common phenomenon in everyday life.