APOE-ɛ4 effects on longitudinal decline in olfactory and non-olfactory cognitive abilities in middle-aged and old adults.
APOE-ɛ4 effects on longitudinal decline in olfactory and non-olfactory cognitive abilities in middle-aged and old adults.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-01508-7
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发表时间：
2017-04-28
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Olofsson J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Josefsson M;Larsson M;Nordin S;Adolfsson R;Olofsson J
表征与年龄相关的智力下降轨迹，以及载脂蛋白基因的等位基因之间的关系，有助于识别痴呆症的高风险个体。然而，嗅觉和非嗅觉认知能力的纵向变化尚未被研究与4等位基因的关系。在本研究中，来自大型人群研究的参与者（657名中年人和556名老年人）在10年的时间里接受了气味识别任务和三个非嗅觉认知任务的测试；情景记忆和语义记忆。我们的主要发现是，在中年参与者中，与非携带者相比，4/4纯合子的气味识别下降速度快两倍。然而，在老年参与者中，4/4纯合子显示出气味识别能力受损，但它们的下降速度与非携带者相似。此外，在老年参与者中，所有评估都显示出与年龄相关的下降，但仅在MMSE和情景记忆评估中发现了4-载体的过度下降。总之，我们提供的证据表明，气味识别能力在中年就已经开始下降，而患痴呆症风险最高的4/4基因携带者下降的速度是中年的两倍。我们的结果可能对气味识别评估在早期痴呆检测中的应用具有启示意义。
Characterizing aging-related decline trajectories in mental abilities, and relationships of the ɛ4 allele of the Apolipoprotein gene, helps to identify individuals at high risk for dementia. However, longitudinal changes in olfactory and non-olfactory cognitive abilities have not been investigated in relation to the ɛ4 allele. In the present study, participants from a large population-based study (657 middle-aged and 556 old) were tested over 10 years on their performance on an odor identification task and three non-olfactory cognitive tasks; MMSE, episodic memory, and semantic memory. Our key finding is that in middle-aged participants, odor identification declined twice as fast for ɛ4/4 homozygotes, compared to non-carriers. However, in old participants, the ɛ4/4 homozygotes showed an impaired odor identification ability, but they declined at a similar rate as the non-carriers. Furthermore, in old participants all assessments displayed aging-related declines, but exaggerated declines in ɛ4-carriers were found only in MMSE and episodic memory assessments. In sum, we present evidence that odor identification ability starts to decline already in middle-aged, and that carriers of ɛ4/4, who are at highest risk of developing dementia, decline twice as fast. Our results may have implications for use of odor identification assessment in detection of early-stage dementia.