Regulatory System for Stem/Progenitor Cell Niches in the Adult Rodent Pituitary.
Regulatory System for Stem/Progenitor Cell Niches in the Adult Rodent Pituitary.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms17010075
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发表时间：
2016-01-09
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Kato Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoshida S;Kato T;Kato Y
垂体前叶是主要的内分泌组织，由五种内分泌细胞组成。尽管垂体内分泌细胞的周转率低至每天约1.6%，但最近的研究表明，性别决定区Y-box 2 (SOX2)+细胞以垂体干/祖细胞的形式存在于成人前叶中，并有助于细胞再生。值得注意的是，SOX2+-垂体干/祖细胞在该组织中形成两种类型的生态位：边缘细胞层（MCL-生态位）和分散在实质中的致密细胞簇（实质生态位）。然而，人们对调节垂体干/祖细胞生态位的机制和因素以及两类生态位之间的功能差异知之甚少。阐明微环境中的调节机制可能使我们能够了解根据成人垂体生理需求发挥作用的细胞再生系统。为了揭示两类微环境的调控机制，我们从可溶性因子、细胞表面蛋白和细胞外基质三个组成部分，总结了成年啮齿动物垂体微环境中的调控因子及其作用。
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is a master endocrine tissue composed of five types of endocrine cells. Although the turnover rate of pituitary endocrine cells is as low as about 1.6% per day, recent studies have demonstrated that Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)+-cells exist as pituitary stem/progenitor cells in the adult anterior lobe and contribute to cell regeneration. Notably, SOX2+-pituitary stem/progenitor cells form two types of niches in this tissue: the marginal cell layer (MCL-niche) and the dense cell clusters scattering in the parenchyma (parenchymal-niche). However, little is known about the mechanisms and factors for regulating the pituitary stem/progenitor cell niches, as well as the functional differences between the two types of niches. Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms in the niches might enable us to understand the cell regeneration system that acts in accordance with physiological demands in the adult pituitary. In this review, so as to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of the two types of niche, we summarize the regulatory factors and their roles in the adult rodent pituitary niches by focusing on three components: soluble factors, cell surface proteins and extracellular matrixes.