The Economics of Food Safety and International Trade in Food Products
The Economics of Food Safety and International Trade in Food Products
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Crutchfield;J. Buzby;P. Frenzen;Jane E. Allshouse;D. Roberts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Crutchfield;J. Buzby;P. Frenzen;Jane E. Allshouse;D. Roberts
本文从经济经济学的角度探讨了食源性疾病与食品国际贸易问题。来自疾病控制和预防中心的最新数据显示，在美国，每年由食物引起的疾病可能会导致估计325,000起严重疾病，导致住院，7600万例胃肠道疾病，每年5000人死亡。这些疾病给社会带来了经济负担：仅在美国，仅由四种主要微生物病原体造成的医疗成本和生产力损失每年就高达83亿美元。食品安全问题也可能影响食品贸易。食源性疾病的暴发可能导致食品行业某些领域的重大经济损失，并导致S呼吁通过实施更严格的卫生和植物检疫规则来加强对进口食品安全风险的保护。《关税与贸易总协定》下裁决贸易争端的新框架允许采取措施保护公众免受进口食品的食品安全风险，但如果此类措施造成不必要的贸易壁垒，则不允许这样做。创建适应贸易伙伴不同经济、文化和政治关切的多边贸易规则是困难的，但对贸易政策进行风险评估和成本效益分析的新方法可以帮助促进自由贸易和更安全的食品供应。
This paper discusses the issue of foodborne disease and international trade in food products from an ec onomic perspective. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that each year diseases caused by f ood in the United States may cause an estimated 325,000 serious illnesses resulting in hospitalizations, 76 million cases of gastrointestinal illnesses, and 5, 000 deaths each year. These diseases pose an economic burden on society: Medical costs and productivity losses from in the U.S. di seases caused by four major microbial pathogens alone are $8.3 billion annually. Food safety concerns may also affect trade in f ood products. Foodborne disease outbreaks may have lead to significant economic losses in some segments of the food sector, and lead to call s for increased protection from imported food safety risks through application of more stringent sanitary and phytosanitary rules. T he new framework for adjudicating trade disputes under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade allows measures to protect the publi c from food safety risks on imported foods, but not to if such measures create unnecessary trade barriers. Creating mu ltinational trading rules that accommodate the diverse economic, cultural, and political concerns of trading partners is difficult, but new approac hes to risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis of trade policies can help promote both free trade and safer food supplies.