Thermodynamic speed limits for mechanical work
Thermodynamic speed limits for mechanical work
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DOI：
10.1088/1751-8121/acb5d6
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发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Erez Aghion;Jason R. Green
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Erez Aghion;Jason R. Green
热力学速度极限是一组经典的不确定性关系，到目前为止，它对能量作为热量的随机耗散和熵的产生设置了全局界限。在这里，我们不是对这些热力学成本进行限制，而是得出积分速度限制，即热力学效益的上限和下限，即系统上或由系统完成一定量机械功的最短时间。在短时间限制中，我们展示了这种外在时间尺度如何与工作的内在时间尺度相关，从这些积分速度限制中恢复差分速度限制中的内在时间尺度，并将随机热力学第一定律转变为速度第一定律。作为物理示例，我们考虑闪烁布朗棘轮所做的功以及受外部驱动作用的势井中粒子所做的功。
Thermodynamic speed limits are a set of classical uncertainty relations that, so far, place global bounds on the stochastic dissipation of energy as heat and the production of entropy. Here, instead of constraints on these thermodynamic costs, we derive integral speed limits that are upper and lower bounds on a thermodynamic benefit—the minimum time for an amount of mechanical work to be done on or by a system. In the short time limit, we show how this extrinsic timescale relates to an intrinsic timescale for work, recovering the intrinsic timescales in differential speed limits from these integral speed limits and turning the first law of stochastic thermodynamics into a first law of speeds. As physical examples, we consider the work done by a flashing Brownian ratchet and the work done on a particle in a potential well subject to external driving.