The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity
The Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity
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DOI：
10.1002/jsfa.9822
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发表时间：
2019-07-18
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Ben-David, Roi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frankin, Sivan;Kunta, Srinivas;Ben-David, Roi
背景技术世纪以来，全世界小麦的遗传多样性由于对高产和工业需求的持续选择而受到侵蚀。在以色列和巴勒斯坦栽培的小麦地方品种表现出高度的遗传多样性和潜在的广泛的适应性等位基因库。虽然大多数以色列-巴勒斯坦小麦地方品种在向“绿色革命”半矮秆品种的过渡中丢失，但世纪初的一些种质收藏在世界各地的基因库和私人收藏中幸存下来。然而，碎片化和保护不力使这一独特的遗传资源面临遗传侵蚀的高风险。在这里，我们描述了一个长期的倡议，以恢复，保护和表征以色列和巴勒斯坦小麦地方品种（IPLR）的集合。结果我们报告了（i）IPLR的构建（n = 932），（ii）该集合的历史和农艺学背景，（iii）IPLR遗传多样性的表征和评估，以及（iv）IPLR内两个不同亚集合的数据比较：由N. Vavilov于1926年（IPLR-VIR）和Y. Mattatia（IPLR-M）.虽然在相同的生态地理空间进行，这两个集合受到相当不同的保护途径。IPLR-M，只经历了一个繁殖周期，表现出显着的遗传和表型变异（内和加入之间）相比，IPLR-VIR，这已定期再生超过90年。结论我们推测，涉及人类和基因型x环境选择的长期迁地保护可能会显着降低加入异质性和等位基因多样性。结果进一步讨论了更广泛的背景下，育种前和保护。(c)2019化学工业协会
BACKGROUND For over a century, genetic diversity of wheat worldwide was eroded by continual selection for high yields and industrial demands. Wheat landraces cultivated in Israel and Palestine demonstrate high genetic diversity and a potentially wide repertoire of adaptive alleles. While most Israeli-Palestinian wheat landraces were lost in the transition to 'Green Revolution' semi-dwarf varieties, some germplasm collections made at the beginning of the 20th century survived in gene banks and private collections worldwide. However, fragmentation and poor conservation place this unique genetic resource at a high risk of genetic erosion. Herein, we describe a long-term initiative to restore, conserve, and characterize a collection of Israeli and Palestinian wheat landraces (IPLR). RESULTS We report on (i) the IPLR construction (n = 932), (ii) the historical and agronomic context to this collection, (iii) the characterization and assessment of the IPLR's genetic diversity, and (iv) a data comparison from two distinct subcollections within IPLR: a collection made by N. Vavilov in 1926 (IPLR-VIR) and a later one (1979-1981) made by Y. Mattatia (IPLR-M). Though conducted in the same eco-geographic space, these two collections were subjected to considerably different conservation pathways. IPLR-M, which underwent only one propagation cycle, demonstrated marked genetic and phenotypic variability (within and between accessions) in comparison with IPLR-VIR, which had been regularly regenerated over similar to 90 years. CONCLUSION We postulate that long-term ex situ conservation involving human and genotype x environment selection may significantly reduce accession heterogeneity and allelic diversity. Results are further discussed in a broader context of pre-breeding and conservation. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry