Racial and ethnic changes in heroin injection in the United States: Implications for the HIV/AIDS epidemic
Racial and ethnic changes in heroin injection in the United States: Implications for the HIV/AIDS epidemic
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.020
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Ouellet, Lawrence J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broz, Dita;Ouellet, Lawrence J.
背景：注射吸毒流行率的种族/族裔差异导致了美国白人、黑人和西班牙裔之间艾滋病毒感染率的差异。我们研究了可能影响未来 HIV 感染率的海洛因注射吸毒者 (IDU) 的人口特征趋势。 方法：对 (1) 1992-2004 年国家治疗事件数据集和 2002-2004 年基线数据进行了描述性分析 (2) CIDUS-III，一项招募了 3285 名年轻 IDU 的 5 个城市研究，以及 (3) NIHU-HIT，一项芝加哥研究， 647 名年轻的非注射海洛因使用者。结果：1992 年至 2004 年间，海洛因是入院戒毒治疗时最常报告的注射毒品。在此期间，黑人中报告注射注射的比例下降了 44%，而白人中仅下降了 14%。黑人接受海洛因吸毒者治疗的高峰年龄增加了 10 岁，而白人则下降了 10 多岁。尽管在黑人占人口 27-64% 的城市招募了三分之二的样本，但 CIDUS-III 招募的年轻注射吸毒者中白人（64%）比黑人（8%）多约 8 倍。在芝加哥 NIHU-HIT 的非注射海洛因使用者中，黑人占 53%，但在芝加哥 CIDUS-III 的海洛因吸毒者样本中仅占 2%。在当前非注射海洛因使用者中，白人比黑人更有可能注射过海洛因（X-d.f.=1(2) = 17.1，p < 0.001）。定性数据支持年轻黑人比白人更抵制注射。结论：在海洛因吸食者中，年轻黑人抵制注射，而年轻白人则表现出相反的趋势。新的研究应该调查这一趋势的原因及其对艾滋病毒流行和未来服务需求的影响。 (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Background: Racial/ethnic differences in drug injection prevalence contribute to disparities in HIV infection rates in the US between Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. We examine trends in the demographic characteristics of heroin injection drug users (IDUs) that may impact future HIV rates.Methods: Descriptive analyses were conducted of (1) the national Treatment Episode Data Set for 1992-2004 and of the 2002-2004 baseline data from (2) CIDUS-III, a 5-city study that recruited 3285 young IDUs, and (3) NIHU-HIT, a Chicago study of 647 young noninjecting heroin users.Results: Between 1992 and 2004, heroin was the injected drug most often reported at admission to drug treatment. During this period, the proportion of admissions reporting injection declined 44% among Blacks but only 14% for Whites. The peak age for heroin IDUs in treatment increased 10 years for Blacks while declining over 10 years for Whites. CIDUS-III enrolled about 8 times more White (64%) than Black (8%) young IDUs despite recruiting two-thirds of the sample in cities where Blacks constituted 27-64% of the population. Blacks comprised 53% of noninjecting heroin users in the Chicago NIHU-HIT, but only 2% of Chicago's CIDUS-III sample of heroin IDUs. Among current noninjecting heroin users, Whites were more likely than Blacks to have ever injected (X-d.f.=1(2) = 17.1, p < 0.001). Qualitative data supported greater resistance to injection among young Blacks than Whites.Conclusions: Among heroin users, young Blacks are resisting injection while young Whites exhibit the opposite tendency. New research should investigate reasons for this trend and its impact on the HIV epidemic and future service needs. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.