The substantia nigra pars compacta and temporal processing
The substantia nigra pars compacta and temporal processing
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2540-06.2006
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发表时间：
2006-11-22
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Frith, Christopher D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jahanshahi, Marjan;Jones, Catherine R. G.;Frith, Christopher D.
基底神经节和小脑被认为在计时中起作用，尽管它们在计时中的不同作用尚不清楚。有人提出，短毫秒间隔的时间与小脑有关，而长秒间隔的时间与基底神经节有关（Ivry, 1996）。我们使用正电子发射断层扫描测量了8名右撇子男性在长间隔和短间隔估计和繁殖期间的脑血流。受试者执行三个任务：(1)再现短间隔500 ms的时间，(2)再现长间隔2 s的时间，(3)对照简单反应时间（RT）任务。我们将两个时间复制任务与对照RT任务进行比较，以调查在额外的认知、运动或感觉加工被控制后与时间加工相关的活动。我们发现，在时间复制任务中，左侧黑质和左侧外侧运动前皮层的病灶比对照RT任务明显更活跃。左侧尾状核和右侧小脑在短时间内比长时间内更活跃，而右侧壳核和右侧小脑在长时间内比短时间内更活跃。这些结果表明，基底节区和小脑都参与了长间隔和短间隔的繁殖，但所起的作用不同。黑质在颞叶加工中的基本作用与先前的动物损伤研究和多巴胺对颞叶加工的调节作用的证据有关。
The basal ganglia and cerebellum are considered to play a role in timing, although their differential roles in timing remain unclear. It has been proposed that the timing of short milliseconds-range intervals involves the cerebellum, whereas longer seconds-range intervals engage the basal ganglia (Ivry, 1996). We tested this hypothesis using positron emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow in eight right-handed males during estimation and reproduction of long and short intervals. Subjects performed three tasks: (1) reproduction of a short 500 ms interval, (2) reproduction of a long 2 s interval, and (3) a control simple reaction time (RT) task. We compared the two time reproduction tasks with the control RT task to investigate activity associated with temporal processing once additional cognitive, motor, or sensory processing was controlled. We found foci in the left substantia nigra and the left lateral premotor cortex to be significantly more activated in the time reproduction tasks than the control RT task. The left caudate nucleus and right cerebellum were more active in the short relative to the long interval, whereas greater activation of the right putamen and right cerebellum occurred in the long rather than the short interval. These results suggest that the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are engaged by reproduction of both long and short intervals but play different roles. The fundamental role of the substantia nigra in temporal processing is discussed in relation to previous animal lesion studies and evidence for the modulating influence of dopamine on temporal processing.