Studying Changes in Life Circumstances and Personality: It's About Time
Studying Changes in Life Circumstances and Personality: It's About Time
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DOI：
10.1002/per.1951
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Lucas, Richard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luhmann, Maike;Orth, Ulrich;Lucas, Richard E.
大多数人格发展理论都认为生活环境的变化（例如由于重大生活事件）可以导致人格的变化，但很少有研究探讨这些变化的确切时间过程。在本文中，我们认为在人格发展的理论和实证研究中需要明确考虑时间。我们讨论关于时间在人格发展中的作用的六个概念。首先，人们在事件发生之前可能会存在分歧。其次，变化可能是非线性和不连续的。第三，变化是可逆的。第四，变化可以在事件发生之前发生。第五，需要对照组来理清与年龄相关和与事件相关的变化。第六，我们需要超越考察单一的重大生活事件，而研究非规范事件、非事件、多重事件和次要事件对人格的影响。最后，我们总结了这些概念的方法论和理论含义。版权所有 (C) 2014 欧洲人格心理学协会
Most theories of personality development posit that changes in life circumstances (e. g. due to major life events) can lead to changes in personality, but few studies have examined the exact time course of these changes. In this article, we argue that time needs to be considered explicitly in theories and empirical studies on personality development. We discuss six notions on the role of time in personality development. First, people can differ before the event. Second, change can be non-linear and discontinuous. Third, change can be reversible. Fourth, change can occur before the event. Fifth, control groups are needed to disentangle age-related and event-related changes. Sixth, we need to move beyond examining single major life events and study the effects of non-normative events, non-events, multiple events, and minor events on personality. We conclude by summarizing the methodological and theoretical implications of these notions. Copyright (C) 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology