Relative numerosity discrimination by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes):: evidence for approximate numerical representations
Relative numerosity discrimination by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes):: evidence for approximate numerical representations
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-007-0089-0
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Tomonaga, Masaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tomonaga, Masaki
两只成年黑猩猩接受了相对“数字”辨别任务的训练。在每次试验中，CRT 显示器上呈现两个包含不同数量红点的阵列。受试者被要求选择包含较多点的阵列。在实验 1 中，使用 1 到 8 之间的数字，重复呈现 28 个不同的对，并分析准确性分数，以探索黑猩猩受试者利用哪些线索来执行任务。多元回归分析显示，受试者的表现（1）不仅仅由阵列之间的“数值”差异控制，而是（2）最好由费希纳定律描述，即准确性随着阵列之间数值差异的对数值除以两个阵列中较大者的数量而线性增加。当使用更大的数值时，这种关系得以维持（实验 3）。在实验 2 中，黑猩猩通过控制点大小和呈现面积来测试总面积和密度的影响。结果显示，这些因素明显影响了受试者的表现，但它们不能单独解释结果，这表明黑猩猩确实使用相对数量差异作为辨别线索。
Two adult chimpanzees were trained on a relative "numerosity" discrimination task. In each trial, two arrays containing different numbers of red dots were presented on a CRT monitor. The subjects were required to choose the array containing the larger number of dots. In Experiment 1, using numerosities between 1 and 8, 28 different pairs were presented repeatedly, and accuracy scores were analyzed to explore which cues the chimpanzee subjects utilized to perform the task. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the subjects' performance was (1) not simply controlled by the "numerical" difference between arrays, but that it was (2) best described by Fechner's Law-that is accuracy increased linearly with the logarithmic value of the numerical difference between arrays divided by the number in the larger of the two arrays. This relationship was maintained when using much larger numerosities (Experiment 3). In Experiment 2, the chimpanzees were tested on the effects of total area and density by manipulating dot size and presentation area. The results revealed that these factors clearly affected the subjects' performance but that they could not alone explain the results, suggesting that the chimpanzees did use relative numerosity difference as a discriminative cue.