The Orders of Aristocratic Rank of Han China
The Orders of Aristocratic Rank of Han China
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汉族贵族爵位
DOI：
10.1163/156853260x00022
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发表时间：
1960
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Loewe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Loewe
随便看一下《汉书》和《后汉书》中的帝王志章节，就会发现，在整个汉代，册封贵族的行为虽然频繁，但间隔时间并不规律。人们立即对这些事件的意义产生兴趣；在授礼发生的环境中，在汉朝帝国的四个世纪之前和期间，这一制度的发展，以及从接受这些荣誉所带来的好处。一项初步研究提出了一些问题，例如，如果有的话，这些赠予与其他类型的帝国赏金（如大赦）之间的联系；赠予：赠予与特定王朝或政治事件的联系；或者它们可能被用作政治武器。就其本身而言，对不同人群授予酋长的正式声明可能有些难以解释，而获得荣誉和由此行使特权的案例很少被记录下来。由于中国制度的早期历史如此之多，可能无法确定记录的理论在多大程度上实际转化为实践，并且没有提供足够的信息来提供更多的试探性推断。中国的评论员们从很早的时候就试图这样做
A casual glance at the chapters of imperial annals in the Han shu and Hou Han shu reveals that the bestowal of chi#eh or orders of aristocratic rank, took place at frequent but irregular intervals throughout the Han period. Interest is immediately aroused in the significance of these events; in the circumstances in which the bestowals took place, the development of the institution both before and during the four centuries of Han empire, and in the benefits which resulted from the receipt of these honours. A preliminary study raises questions such as the connection, if any, between the bestowals and other types of imperial bounty such as amnesties; the association of the bestowals with particular dynastic or political events; or their possible use as a political weapon. By themselves the formal statements of the bestowal of chiieh on various sections of the population may be somewhat difficult to interpret, and cases in which the honours were acquired and the resulting privileges exercised are only seldom recorded. As with so much of the early history of Chinese institutions it may not be possible to determine how far recorded theory was actually translated into practice, and sufficient information is not furnished to render more than a few tentative inferences possible. Chinese commentators have from early times attempted 1) to