Are public service media distinctive from the market? Interpreting the political information environments of BBC and commercial news in the United Kingdom
Are public service media distinctive from the market? Interpreting the political information environments of BBC and commercial news in the United Kingdom
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公益媒体是否有别于市场？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Stephen Cushion
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stephen Cushion
公共服务媒体面临着生存危机。许多政府正在削减预算，同时质疑公共服务广播的作用和价值，因为许多公民现在可以接触到各种媒体。这就提出了一个问题：与市场主导的媒体相比，公共服务媒体是否提供独特且信息丰富的新闻服务？本研究借鉴政治信息环境的概念，对英国公共服务广播机构和电视、广播和网络媒体等市场驱动媒体制作的新闻进行内容比较分析（N = 1065），并就新闻的常规选择采访高级编辑，从而介入辩论。调查发现，几乎所有 BBC 新闻和商业公共服务媒体平台都比完全由市场驱动的媒体报道更多有关政治、公共事务和国际问题的新闻。英国广播公司 (BBC) 在线新闻报道的主题比市场媒体更丰富，其中包含更多娱乐和名人故事。公共服务媒体的价值在英国的晚间电视新闻公报中得到了体现，这些新闻公报照亮了不常报道的世界，尤其是英国广播公司 (BBC) 十点新闻。大多数市场驱动的媒体都通过英国的棱镜进行报道，排除了许多国家和国际问题。总体而言，有人认为，英国公共服务媒体的影响力有助于塑造信息丰富的新闻环境。该研究的重点是英国媒体，但解释政治信息环境的概念应用旨在与国际学者相关。尽管传播研究近年来试图推进更多的跨国研究，但这可能会限制研究在国家政治信息环境中的辩论的相关性。本研究的结论是，建议学术界更多地关注塑造国家内部媒体系统政治信息环境的国家政策动态理论。
Public service media face an existential crisis. Many governments are cutting their budgets, while questioning the role and value of public service broadcasting because many citizens now have access to a wide range of media. This raises the question – do public service media supply a distinctive and informative news service compared to market-led media? Drawing on the concept of political information environment, this study makes an intervention into debates by carrying out a comparative content analysis of news produced by UK public service broadcasters and market-driven media across television, radio and online outlets (N = 1065) and interviewing senior editors about the routine selection of news. It found that almost all BBC news and commercial public service media platforms reported more news about politics, public affairs and international issues than entirely market-driven outlets. Online BBC news reported more informative topics than market-based media, which featured more entertainment and celebrity stories. The value of public service media was demonstrated on the United Kingdom’s nightly television news bulletins, which shone a light on the world not often reported, especially BBC News at Ten. Most market-driven media reported through a UK prism, excluding many countries and international issues. Overall, it is argued that the influence of public service media in the United Kingdom helps shape an information environment with informative news. The focus of the study is on UK media, but the conceptual application of interpreting a political information environment is designed to be relevant for scholars internationally. While communication studies have sought to advance more cross-national studies in recent years, this can limit how relevant studies are for debates in national political information environments. This study concludes by recommending more scholarly attention should be paid to theorising national policy dynamics that shape the political information environments of media systems within nations.