Wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system issues in the real world and the virtual world: combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches.
Wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system issues in the real world and the virtual world: combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches.
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现实世界和虚拟世界中的轮椅束缚和乘员约束系统问题：定性和定量研究方法相结合。
DOI：
10.1080/10400435.2007.10131876
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bertocci,GinaE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wolf,PeterJ;vanRoosmalen,Linda;Bertocci,GinaE
《美国残疾人法案》要求公共交通服务提供商在乘坐机动车时，为那些使用“普通轮椅”的乘客提供便利。轮椅系带和乘员约束系统通常用于固定路线和按需路线的公交车辆中保护轮椅和约束乘员。自《美国残疾人法》生效以来的17年里，交通提供商一直抱怨轮椅系带和乘员约束系统的可用性，而不恰当的固定方式也与轮椅使用者在“非碰撞事故”中受伤有关。这项研究探讨了轮椅系带和乘员约束系统在实际应用中的使用情况，以及滥用对轮椅坐着的人的潜在风险。这项研究中进行的定性研究表明，轮椅固定不当(即使用不到四个向下的带子)在固定路线交通中可能是相当常见的做法。此外，初步的计算机模拟显示，在紧急驾驶条件下，轮椅固定不当可能会使轮椅乘员面临更大的受伤风险。然而，应该指出的是，这是一项试验性研究，有其局限性。例如，定性数据是从一家大都市地区的交通提供商那里收集的，涉及有限范围的车辆和轮椅类型。此外，这项研究中使用的计算机模拟模型最初是针对碰撞情况进行验证的。
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires that transit providers accommodate passengers who use “common wheelchairs” when traveling in a motor vehicle. Wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint systems are commonly used to secure wheelchairs and restrain occupants in fixed-route and demand route transit vehicles. Throughout the 17 years since the Americans with Disabilities Act has been in effect, transit providers have complained about the usability of wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint systems, and improper securement has been linked to injuries among wheelchair users during “nonimpact incidents.” This research study explored the use of wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint systems in actual practice and the potential risks of misuse to wheelchair-seated individuals. The qualitative research conducted in this study revealed that improper wheelchair securement (i.e. using less than four tiedown straps) can be fairly common practice in fixed-route transit. In addition, preliminary computer simulations show that improper wheelchair securement in emergency driving conditions may place wheelchair occupants at a greater risk of injury. It should be noted, however, that this is a pilot study and has its limitations. For example, qualitative data were gathered from one metropolitan area transit provider across a limited range of vehicle and wheelchair types. Additionally, the computer simulation model used in this study was originally validated for impact situations.