Polysynthesis in the Arctic
Polysynthesis in the Arctic
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北极的多合成
DOI：
10.1075/tsl.86.01pol
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
0.1
通讯作者：
M. Mithun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Mithun
在美洲语言的类型学特征中，最常被引用的是多合成（英语：Polysynthesis），这是杜蓬索在1816年创造的一个术语，用来描述美洲语言中包含大量语素的单词。从那时起，包括博厄斯、萨皮尔和格林伯格在内的主要学者也将某些美洲语言描述为多合成语言，并将爱斯基摩语作为主要例子。然而，最近贝克特别将爱斯基摩语排除在多合成语言之外，理由是它们缺乏他的标准结构之一：名词合并。在这里，它表明，Eskaleut语言包含结构历时和功能等同于原型名词纳入，如易洛魁语。它们在某些其他方面有所不同，这是因为它们的现代句子结构是通过不同的历时途径发展起来的。
Among the most frequently cited typological characteristics of American languages is polysynthesis , a term coined in 1816 by Duponceau to describe words in American languages containing large numbers of morphemes. Major scholars since that time, including Boas, Sapir, and Greenberg, have also described certain American languages as polysynthetic, citing Eskimoan languages as prime examples. Recently however, Baker specifically excluded Eskimoan languages from the class of polysynthetic languages on the grounds that they lack one of his criterial structures: noun incorporation. Here it is shown that Eskaleut languages contain constructions diachronically and functionally equivalent to prototypical noun incorporation, like that of Iroquoian. They differ in certain other respects because of the distinct diachronic pathways by which their modern sentence structures have developed.