Conservation or Resource Maximization? Analyzing Subsistence Hunting Among the Achuar (Shiwiar) of Ecuador
Conservation or Resource Maximization? Analyzing Subsistence Hunting Among the Achuar (Shiwiar) of Ecuador
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保护还是资源最大化？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Richard J. Chacon
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文献类型：
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作者：
Richard J. Chacon
这项研究测试的想法，土著猎人采用选择性猎物和补丁的选择，以增加其长期觅食回报的可持续性。换句话说，阿丘阿尔（Shiwiar）狩猎模式保持组的“和谐”或“与自然的平衡”行为的保护主义者，或者他们作为资源最大化的方式预测的最佳觅食理论？根据补丁选择和最佳饮食宽度模型分析土著猎人的猎物选择表明，阿丘阿尔人（除少数例外）过度捕捞当地种群的各种新热带野生动物。值得注意的是，这项研究记录了不同物种对土著狩猎压力的脆弱性，这反过来又影响了亚马逊野生动物收获的可持续性。此外，这项研究还说明了一个相对孤立的平等主义和自治的美洲印第安人群体的生存狩猎园艺，谁保持了许多关于野生动物种群动态的传统信念，是完全有能力过度狩猎几种新热带野生动物。因此，阿丘阿尔人对各种野生动物的过度捕捞不能被认为是西方接触的产物。最后，这项工作探讨了这些研究结果提出的一些伦理问题。
This study tests the idea that indigenous hunters employ selective prey and patch choice to augment the sustainability of their long-term foraging returns. In other words, do Achuar (Shiwiar) hunting patterns maintain the group’s “harmony” or “balance with nature” behaving as conservationists, or do they act as resource maximizers acting in ways predicted by optimal foraging theory? Analysis of indigenous hunters’ prey choice in light of patch selection and optimal diet breadth models indicate that the Achuar (with few exceptions) are overharvesting local populations of various species of Neotropical wildlife. Significantly, this research documents differential species vulnerability to indigenous hunting pressure which, in turn, affects the sustainability of Amazonian wildlife harvests. Additionally, this research illustrates how a relatively isolated egalitarian and autonomous Amerindian group of subsistence hunter–horticulturalists, who maintain many of the traditional beliefs about wildlife population dynamics, are fully capable of overhunting several species of Neotropical wildlife. As such, the overharvesting of various types of wild game by the Achuar cannot be considered as being an artifact of Western contact. Lastly, this work examines some of the ethical issues raised by these findings.