The RNA polymerase II CTD "orphan" residues: Emerging insights into the functions of Tyr-1, Thr-4, and Ser-7.
The RNA polymerase II CTD "orphan" residues: Emerging insights into the functions of Tyr-1, Thr-4, and Ser-7.
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RNA 聚合酶 II CTD“孤儿”残基：对 Tyr-1、Thr-4 和 Ser-7 功能的新见解。
DOI：
10.1080/21541264.2017.1338176
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Manley,JamesL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yurko,NathanM;Manley,JamesL
RNA聚合酶II最大亚基的C-末端结构域（CTD）由共有Tyr 1-Ser 2-Pro3-Thr 4-Ser 5-Pro6-Ser 7的独特重复七肽序列组成。CTD的一个重要功能是将转录与转录起始、延伸和终止阶段发生的RNA加工反应偶联。在这个转录周期中，CTD在其非脯氨酸残基上进行广泛的修饰，主要是磷酸化。Ser 2和Ser 5的可逆磷酸化在所有真核生物的转录过程中发挥着重要和普遍的功能。最近的研究增强了我们对Tyr 1，Thr 4和Ser 7的理解，以前被描述为这些残基的未知或专门功能的东西已经改变为更精细的转录调控图，突出了生物体之间的相似性和显著差异。在这里，我们回顾最近的研究结果，这三个残基的功能和修改，进一步说明了CTD在精确调节基因表达的重要性。
The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit consists of a unique repeated heptad sequence of the consensus Tyr1–Ser2–Pro3–Thr4–Ser5–Pro6–Ser7. An important function of the CTD is to couple transcription with RNA processing reactions that occur during the initiation, elongation, and termination phases of transcription. During this transcription cycle, the CTD is subject to extensive modification, primarily phosphorylation, on its non-proline residues. Reversible phosphorylation of Ser2 and Ser5 is well known to play important and general functions during transcription in all eukaryotes. More recent studies have enhanced our understanding of Tyr1, Thr4, and Ser7, and what have been previously characterized as unknown or specialized functions for these residues has changed to a more fine-detailed map of transcriptional regulation that highlights similarities as well as significant differences between organisms. Here, we review recent findings on the function and modification of these three residues, which further illustrate the importance of the CTD in precisely modulating gene expression.