Moderate Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats.
Moderate Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats.
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.14599
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ruixiang Wang;Connor D. Martin;Anna L Lei;Kathryn A Hausknecht;K. Ishiwari;S. Oubraim;An-Li Wang
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ruixiang Wang;Connor D. Martin;Anna L Lei;Kathryn A Hausknecht;K. Ishiwari;S. Oubraim;An-Li Wang
产前酒精暴露（PE）引起的注意力缺陷是胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的一种普遍情况。重要的是，在智商正常的FASD患者中观察到这些缺陷，并且没有表现出由重度PE引起的畸形面部特征。这些观察结果表明，即使是中度的PE也可能导致注意力缺陷。在本研究中，使用大鼠模型研究了这种可能性。方法孕8 ~ 20 d的Sprague道利大鼠灌胃乙醇（3 g/kg/d）或溶剂。乙醇处理大鼠的血液乙醇浓度（BEC）为87.7 ± 1.2 mg/dL（灌胃后1 h），与啮齿动物中其他中度PE研究报告的BEC水平相似。中度PE不会对出生体重或窝仔数产生致畸作用。成年后代进行了2选择反应时间任务。结果中度PE导致增强的行动冲动在两种性别，更快速的反应启动和增加过早的反应。在雄性中观察到比雌性更明显的缺陷。通过不正确或相对缓慢的反应评估，在中度PE的两种性别大鼠中均未观察到注意力丧失增加。此外，中度PE后未检测到学习或运动功能缺陷。有趣的是，中度PE的大鼠比对照组完成了更多的试验。结论：我们的研究结果证实，中度PE确实会导致两性的注意力缺陷，表现为更大的动作冲动，但不会增加注意力的丧失。这种影响与我们之前研究中观察到的重度体育锻炼的影响不同，后者表现为男女的动作冲动性受损和注意力丧失。
BACKGROUND Attention deficits caused by prenatal ethanol exposure (PE) are a prevalent condition in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Importantly, the deficits are observed in individuals with FASD who have normal IQs and show no dysmorphic facial features caused by heavy PE. These observations suggest that even moderate PE could lead to attention deficits. This possibility was investigated using a rat model in the present study. METHODS Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were administered with ethanol (3 g/kg/day) or vehicle via intragastric gavage on gestational days 8 - 20. The blood ethanol concentration (BEC) in ethanol-treated rats was 87.7 ± 1.2 mg/dL (1 h after the gavage), similar to the BEC levels reported in other moderate PE studies in rodents. Moderate PE did not produce teratogenic effects on birth weight or litter size. The adult offspring underwent a 2-choice reaction time task. RESULTS Moderate PE led to augmented action impulsivity in both sexes, indicated by more rapid response initiation and increased premature responses. More marked deficits were observed in males than in females. No increases in lapse of attention, assessed by incorrect or relatively slow responses, were observed in rats of either sex with moderate PE. In addition, no deficits in learning or motor function were detected after moderate PE. Interestingly, rats with moderate PE completed more trials than controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that moderate PE indeed leads to attention deficits in both sexes, which is demonstrated by greater action impulsivity, but not increased lapses of attention. This effect is different from that of heavy PE observed in our previous study, which is manifested as impaired action impulsivity and lapses of attention in both sexes.