Anatomy of an observed African easterly wave in July 2006

Anatomy of an observed African easterly wave in July 2006
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2006 年 7 月观测到的非洲东波的剖析

DOI:
10.1002/qj.812
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Bain C
Bain C
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bain C

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分析了 AMMA 现场活动期间观测到的非洲东风波 (AEW) 的详细结构。该波出现于2006年7月25日至29日。观察到了复杂的环流模式:对流的整体结构和槽区的正涡度具有细长的倒V形外观,包裹着低风和晴朗的天空区域。卫星图像显示,AEW 对大范围的对流调制具有重大影响。该波最初是通过其对土壤湿度和对流的强烈特征而被识别的。观察到的 AEW 结构是没有预料到的,并且在以前的文献中也没有讨论过。此外,使用经向风 Hovmöller 图进行的波浪跟踪并未检测到该波,并且涡度 Hovmöller 显示该波在 7 月份的移动速度比其他 AEW 慢。提出了解释该结构的新示意图,描述了卫星观测到的情况,并通过英国气象局统一模型的有限区域版本进行了分析。有人提出,倒V形的正涡度分支可以被视为类似于大气锋,具有风和热力学特性的特征梯度,充当增强对流的位置。结合先前的理论讨论了新案例的含义,并建议公认的理想化预警机模型是不完整的,应该扩展以包括更复杂的结构。版权所有 © 2011 英国皇家气象学会和英国皇家版权所有,英国气象局
The detailed structure of an African easterly wave (AEW) observed during the AMMA field campaign is analysed. The wave was present from 25 to 29 July 2006. A complex circulation pattern was observed: the overall structure of convection and the positive vorticity of the trough region had an elongated inverted‐V appearance, wrapped around an area of low winds and clear skies. Satellite imagery showed that the AEW was a significant influence on the modulation of convection on the large scale.The wave was identified initially through its strong signature on soil moisture and convection. The AEW structure observed was not anticipated and has not been discussed in previous literature. In addition, wave tracking using a Hovmöller diagram of meridional winds did not detect the wave, and a Hovmöller of vorticity showed the wave moved at a slower speed than other AEWs in July.New schematics explaining the structure are presented, describing the case as observed by satellites and analysed by a limited‐area version of the Met Office Unified Model. It is proposed that the positive vorticity branches of the inverted‐V can be regarded as analogous to atmospheric fronts, with characteristic gradients in winds and thermodynamic properties, acting as locations for enhanced convection. The implications of the new case are discussed in relation to previous theory and it is suggested that the accepted model of an idealised AEW is incomplete and should be extended to include more complex structures. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office
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