Heterogeneity of natural killer cells.
Heterogeneity of natural killer cells.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.002043
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
29.7
通讯作者：
J. Ortaldo;R. Herberman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Ortaldo;R. Herberman
自然杀伤细胞是大约十年前（1-5）在细胞介导的细胞毒性研究中发现的。尽管研究者期望发现荷瘤个体对自体肿瘤细胞或对相似或相同组织学类型的同种异体肿瘤的特异性细胞毒活性，但在正常个体的淋巴细胞中观察到明显的细胞毒活性。从那时起，自然杀伤细胞的研究已经扩展到一个广泛和多方面的研究领域，越来越多的迹象表明，这些细胞可能在自然宿主抵抗癌症和传染病中发挥重要作用（6-24）。随着最近与天然细胞介导的细胞毒性相关的广泛研究，与效应细胞相关的术语存在相当大的差异，因此文献中存在一些混乱。然而，在最近的一次专门研究自然杀伤细胞的研讨会上，对这些效应细胞的定义达成了共识（25）。自然杀伤（NK）细胞被定义为对各种靶细胞具有自发性细胞毒性的效应细胞;这些效应细胞缺乏经典巨噬细胞、粒细胞或细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）的特性;并且观察到的细胞毒性不显示与主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）相关的限制。该定义足够广泛，不仅包括“经典”NK细胞，而且包括其他天然效应细胞，如天然细胞毒性（NC）细胞。研讨会与会者一致认为，与培养物中细胞毒性细胞[如凝集素活化杀伤细胞（LAK）、异常杀伤细胞（AK）]的形成有关的观察结果仍然难以解释，目前最好将培养或活化的具有细胞毒性反应性但不能归类为CTL的细胞单独分类。这样的文化-
Natural killer cells were discovered about ten years ago (1-5) during studies of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Although investigators expected to find specific cytotoxic activity of tumor-bearing individuals against autologous tumor cells or against allogeneic tumors of similar or the same histologic type, appreciable cytotoxic activity was observed with lymphocytes from normal individuals. Since this time, the studies of natural killer cells have expanded into a broad and multifaceted research area, stimulated by the increasing indications that these cells may play important roles in natural host resistance against cancer and infectious diseases (6-24). With the wide array of recent studies related to natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity, there has been considerable diversity in the terminology related to the effector cells and consequently some confusion in the literature. However, at a recent workshop devoted to the study of natural killer cells, a consensus definition for these effector cells was developed (25). Natural killer (NK) cells were defined as effector cells with spontaneous cyto toxicity against various target cells; these effector �ells lack the properties of classical macrophages, granulocytes, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); and the observed cytotoxicity does not show restriction related to the major his tocompatibility complex (MHC). This definition is sufficiently broad to include not only "classical" NK cells but also other natural effector cells such as natural cytotoxic (NC) cells. The workshop participants agreed that the obser vations relating to the development of cytotoxic cells in culture [e.g. lectin activated killers (LAK), anomalous killers (AK)] remain difficult to interpret and that, for the moment, it is best to categorize separately cultured or activated cells with cytotoxic reactivity that cannot be classified as CTL. Such culture-