Regulatory dendritic cells: there is more than just immune activation.
Regulatory dendritic cells: there is more than just immune activation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2012.00274
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Schultze JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidt SV;Nino-Castro AC;Schultze JL
免疫系统存在于炎症反应和耐受性之间的微妙平衡中。这种独特的功能允许免疫系统以受控但通常有限的方式识别和响应潜在的威胁，从而防止对健康组织的破坏性过度反应。虽然适应性免疫系统是关于免疫系统中的活化与耐受性的主要研究焦点，但最近的研究结果表明，先天免疫系统的细胞在有效免疫和诱导耐受或免疫抑制之间的决定中是重要的参与者。在先天免疫系统的免疫细胞中，树突状细胞（DCs）具有连接先天免疫功能和诱导适应性免疫的特殊功能。树突状细胞（DC）是启动适应性免疫应答的主要专职抗原呈递细胞（APC）。它们属于造血系统，起源于骨髓中的CD34+干细胞。特别是在鼠系统中，可以区分DC的两个主要亚群，即髓样DC（mDC）和浆细胞样DC（pDC）。DC是先天性和适应性免疫的重要介质，主要是由于其通过主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）将加工抗原呈递给次级淋巴器官中的T细胞和B细胞的显著能力。在过去的二十年中，已经积累了大量的文献，描述了DC在T细胞应答的激活过程中以及在中枢耐受性的建立和维持过程中发挥的作用（Steinman等人，）。虽然外周耐受的概念在过去几年中已经明确建立，但不同DC组的作用及其免疫偏离的特定分子机制尚未完全被认识。在这篇综述中，我们总结了越来越多的证据的情况下，耐受性和免疫原性之间的平衡已经改变，导致病理条件，如慢性炎症或恶性肿瘤的调节性树突状细胞的作用。
The immune system exists in a delicate equilibrium between inflammatory responses and tolerance. This unique feature allows the immune system to recognize and respond to potential threats in a controlled but normally limited fashion thereby preventing a destructive overreaction against healthy tissues. While the adaptive immune system was the major research focus concerning activation vs. tolerance in the immune system more recent findings suggest that cells of the innate immune system are important players in the decision between effective immunity and induction of tolerance or immune inhibition. Among immune cells of the innate immune system dendritic cells (DCs) have a special function linking innate immune functions with the induction of adaptive immunity. DCs are the primary professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) initiating adaptive immune responses. They belong to the hematopoietic system and arise from CD34+ stem cells in the bone marrow. Particularly in the murine system two major subgroups of DCs, namely myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) can be distinguished. DCs are important mediators of innate and adaptive immunity mostly due to their remarkable capacity to present processed antigens via major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) to T cells and B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. A large body of literature has been accumulated during the last two decades describing which role DCs play during activation of T cell responses but also during the establishment and maintenance of central tolerance (Steinman et al.,). While the concept of peripheral tolerance has been clearly established during the last years, the role of different sets of DCs and their particular molecular mechanisms of immune deviation has not yet fully been appreciated. In this review we summarize accumulating evidence about the role of regulatory DCs in situations where the balance between tolerance and immunogenicity has been altered leading to pathologic conditions such as chronic inflammation or malignancies.