The Role of Quartz Cementation in the Seismic Cycle: A Critical Review

The Role of Quartz Cementation in the Seismic Cycle: A Critical Review
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石英胶结作用在地震循环中的作用:批判性回顾

DOI:
10.1029/2021rg000768
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
25.2
通讯作者:
Fagereng, Åke
Fagereng, Åke
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Williams, Randolph T.;Fagereng, Åke

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由于石英脉在地震成核温度(150°C-350°C)下折返的断层带中很常见,石英胶结作用可能是地震之间强度恢复的重要机制。这种解释要求胶结作用发生在一个单一的震间周期内。我们回顾了与滑动相关的过程,这些过程被认为允许断层中快速的石英沉淀,包括:二氧化硅饱和流体的平流,同震孔隙流体压力下降,摩擦加热,溶解沉淀蠕变,非晶相的沉淀,以及流体和矿物表面化学的变化。我们评估石英生长的速率和幅度,可能导致从每个检查的机制。我们发现二氧化硅沉淀的动力学和质量平衡的局限性,强调两个端员制度。首先,我们探索的机制,考虑到目前的动力学约束,不能解释中尺度断层断裂脉网络的发展,即使是增量,在地震间的时间尺度。另一方面,一些机制似乎能够在几天到几年的时间内,单独或组合地胶结微米到毫米厚的主滑动面。这并不能解释在断层破坏带中广泛的脉网,但允许石英胶结物参与断层愈合。这些端元使我们假设,高通量的情况下,虽然更重要的是大量的热液矿化,可能是次要的重要性,在低流体通量故障时,讨论石英胶结物的机械影响的局部扩散质量输运。然而,重新强调对断层带中石英胶结速率的控制,对于更全面地了解地震破裂后的强度恢复是不可或缺的。
Because quartz veins are common in fault zones exhumed from earthquake nucleation temperatures (150°C–350°C), quartz cementation may be an important mechanism of strength recovery between earthquakes. This interpretation requires that cementation occurs within a single interseismic period. We review slip‐related processes that have been argued to allow rapid quartz precipitation in faults, including: advection of silica‐saturated fluids, coseismic pore‐fluid pressure drops, frictional heating, dissolution‐precipitation creep, precipitation of amorphous phases, and variations in fluid and mineral‐surface chemistry. We assess the rate and magnitude of quartz growth that may result from each of the examined mechanisms. We find limitations to the kinetics and mass balance of silica precipitation that emphasize two end‐member regimes. First, the mechanisms we explore, given current kinetic constraints, cannot explain mesoscale fault‐fracture vein networks developing, even incrementally, on interseismic timescales. On the other hand, some mechanisms appear capable, isolated or in combination, of cementing micrometer‐to‐millimeter thick principal slip surfaces in days to years. This does not explain extensive vein networks in fault damage zones, but allows the involvement of quartz cements in fault healing. These end‐members lead us to hypothesize that high flux scenarios, although more important for voluminous hydrothermal mineralization, may be of subsidiary importance to local, diffusive mass transport in low fluid‐flux faults when discussing the mechanical implications of quartz cements. A renewed emphasis on the controls on quartz cementation rates in fault zones will, however, be integral to developing a more complete understanding of strength recovery following earthquake rupture.
发震正断层上的流体压力瞬变
DOI: --
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发表时间: 2019
影响因子: 3.1
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影响因子: 3.9
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