An evolutionary comparative analysis of the medusozoan (Cnidaria) exoskeleton
An evolutionary comparative analysis of the medusozoan (Cnidaria) exoskeleton
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DOI：
10.1111/zoj.12415
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Marques, Antonio C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mendoza-Becerril, Maria A.;Maronna, Maximiliano M.;Marques, Antonio C.
Medusozoa （Staurozoa, Cubozoa, Scyphozoa, Hydrozoa）的底栖水螅期具有内骨骼或外骨骼支持系统，但其组成，发育和进化鲜为人知。在这贡献的变化，合成，结构和功能的水母动物外骨骼进行了检查。此外，对已灭绝和现存的水母动物提出了其起源和多样化的进化假说。我们也对文献进行了批判性的回顾，并纳入了我们自己对一些群体的组织学和微观结构分析的数据。几丁质是水母动物外骨骼的特征成分，对各种离子和无机、有机分子起支撑、保护和储备作用，这些离子和无机、有机分子可能促使生物矿化，形成坚硬的生物矿化外骨骼。Medusozoa的骨骼形成可以追溯到埃迪卡拉纪，当时潜在的生物、非生物和生理过程协同作用导致了刚性结构的发展，成为外骨骼。在进化的许多外骨骼类型中，角质层（几丁质蛋白）外骨骼在今天的水母动物的水螅体中占主导地位，其最大的变化和复杂性在水螅体中。本文描述了一种新型的双层外骨骼，其中有一个外骨骼补充了外骨骼的结构。
The benthic polyp phase of Medusozoa (Staurozoa, Cubozoa, Scyphozoa, and Hydrozoa) has endoskeletal or exoskeletal support systems, but their composition, development, and evolution is poorly known. In this contribution the variation in synthesis, structure, and function of the medusozoan exoskeleton was examined. In addition, an evolutionary hypothesis for its origin and diversification is proposed for both extinct and extant medusozoans. We also critically reviewed the literature and included data from our own histological and microstructural analyses of some groups. Chitin is a characteristic component of exoskeleton in Medusozoa, functioning as support, protection, and a reserve for various ions and inorganic and organic molecules, which may persuade biomineralization, resulting in rigid biomineralized exoskeletons. Skeletogenesis in Medusozoa dates back to the Ediacaran, when potentially synergetic biotic, abiotic, and physiological processes resulted in development of rigid structures that became the exoskeleton. Of the many types of exoskeletons that evolved, the corneous (chitin-protein) exoskeleton predominates today in polyps of medusozoans, with its greatest variation and complexity in the polyps of Hydroidolina. A new type of bilayered exoskeleton in which there is an exosarc complementing the perisarc construction is here described.