137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes
137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2
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发表时间：
2018-05-17
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Willerslev, Eske
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Damgaard, Peter de Barros;Marchi, Nina;Willerslev, Eske
几千年来，欧亚大草原一直是人类迁徙和文化变迁的中心。在这里，我们对137名古人类的基因组进行了测序(平均覆盖范围约为1倍)，覆盖了4000年的时间，以了解青铜时代迁徙后欧亚草原的种群历史。我们发现，在整个铁器时代统治欧亚草原的西塞梯人群体的遗传学是高度结构化的，有不同的起源，包括青铜时代晚期的牧民、欧洲农民和西伯利亚南部的狩猎采集者。后来，西提亚人与组成匈奴邦联的东部草原游牧民族混杂在一起，大约在公元前2世纪或3世纪向西迁移，在公元4世纪形成了匈奴传统，并携带了作为查士丁尼瘟疫基础的瘟疫。在中世纪的几个短期汗国时期，这些游牧民族进一步与东亚群体混杂在一起。这些历史事件将欧亚大草原从主要由讲印欧语的西欧人转变为今天主要讲突厥语的群体，他们主要是东亚后裔。
For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1x average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century bc, forming the Hun traditions in the fourthfifth century ad, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry.